Alterations of gastrointestinal (GI) motor function are part of the visceral responses to stress.
Inhibition of gastric emptying and stimulation of colonic motor function are the commonly …

Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plants. It is taken into the plant by the
transport systems present in the plasma membranes of root epidermal and cortical cells. The …

K+ is an essential macronutrient required by plants to complete their life cycle. It fulfills
important functions and it is widely used as a fertilizer to increase crop production. Thus, the …

Cholinergic neurons originating from the basal forebrain innervate the entire cortical mantle.
Choline-sensitive microelectrodes were used to measure the synaptic release of cortical …

The interest in the consumption of pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum L.) is, to a large extent,
due to its content of bioactive nutrients and their importance as dietary antioxidants. A …

Following exposure to salinity, the root/shoot ratio is increased (an important adaptive
response) due to the rapid inhibition of shoot growth (which limits plant productivity) while …

Leptin is a circulating protein involved in the long-term regulation of food intake and body
weight. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released postprandially and elicits satiety signals. We …

Precision Agriculture (PA), as the integration of information, communication and control
technologies in agriculture, is growing day by day. The Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud …

Many studies have described the response mechanisms of plants to salinity and heat
applied individually; however, under field conditions some abiotic stresses often occur …

Neurotransmission operates on a millisecond timescale but is changed by normal
experience or neuropathology over days to months. Despite the importance of long-term …