Percutaneous left ventricular assist support is associated with less pulmonary congestion and lower rate of pneumonia in patients with cardiogenic shock

Open Heart. 2020 Nov;7(2):e001385. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001385.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acute left ventricular unloading by percutaneous left ventricular assist device on pulmonary congestion and pneumonia in patients with cardiogenic shock (CS).

Methods: In this retrospective study, we analysed patients with CS who received the Impella percutaneous left ventricular assist device (n=50) compared with those who received intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support (n=50). Pulmonary congestion was longitudinally assessed while on support by calculating characteristic findings on the chest X-ray using the Halperin score. The rate of pneumonia and early mortality were assessed as a secondary endpoint.

Results: The groups (Impella vs IABP) did not differ in terms of age, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Acute Physiology, Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score or serum lactate levels. Pulmonary congestion decreased in patient treated with Impella at each time point postimplantation. No change in congestion status was observed in patients supported with IABP. Multivariate analysis indicated Impella support as an independent predictor for pulmonary decongestion (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.15 to 14.35, p=0.030). The rate of early pneumonia was lower in the Impella group compared with the IABP group (54% vs 74%, p=0.037). Failure of pulmonary decongestion during mechanical circulatory support independently predicted early pneumonia (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.70, p=0.006).

Conclusion: Pulmonary decongestion may facilitate treatment of pneumonia in patients with CS. Left ventricular unloading by Impella device might support pulmonary decongestion, although a larger prospective trial in this patient population is required.

Keywords: aortic balloon pump; cardiogenic shock; left ventricular assist device.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Observational Study
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Female
  • Heart-Assist Devices*
  • Humans
  • Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping* / adverse effects
  • Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping* / mortality
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pneumonia / diagnosis
  • Pneumonia / mortality
  • Pneumonia / physiopathology
  • Pneumonia / prevention & control*
  • Prosthesis Implantation / adverse effects
  • Prosthesis Implantation / instrumentation*
  • Prosthesis Implantation / mortality
  • Pulmonary Edema / diagnosis
  • Pulmonary Edema / mortality
  • Pulmonary Edema / physiopathology
  • Pulmonary Edema / prevention & control*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Shock, Cardiogenic / diagnosis
  • Shock, Cardiogenic / mortality
  • Shock, Cardiogenic / physiopathology
  • Shock, Cardiogenic / therapy*
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Ventricular Function, Left*