Abstract
Mitochondrial and cytosolic HMG-CoA synthases are encoded by two different genes. Control of ketogenesis is exerted by transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase. Fasting, cAMP, and fatty acids increase its transcriptional rate, while refeeding and insulin repress it. Fatty acids increase transcription through peroxisomal proliferator regulatory element (PPRE), to which peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) can bind. Other transcription factors such as chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4) compete for the PPRE site, modulating the response of PPAR.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Acyl Coenzyme A / genetics
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Acyl Coenzyme A / metabolism*
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Animals
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
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COUP Transcription Factor I
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Diet
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Dietary Fats / metabolism
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Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic*
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Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4
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Ketone Bodies / biosynthesis*
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Mice
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Mice, Transgenic
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Microbodies / metabolism
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Mitochondria / enzymology*
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Models, Biological
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Phosphoproteins / metabolism
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Rats
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Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
Substances
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Acyl Coenzyme A
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Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors
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COUP Transcription Factor I
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Dietary Fats
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Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4
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Ketone Bodies
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Nr2f1 protein, mouse
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Nr2f1 protein, rat
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Phosphoproteins
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Tcfl4 protein, mouse
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Transcription Factors
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3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A