Background: Obesity is associated with many cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery (BS) in lipid profile and insulin resistance in obese patients.
Material and methods: We studied changes in lipid parameters glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance (IR) before biliopancreatic diversion and 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery, in 115 obese patients divided in two groups: diabetics (DM) and nondiabetics (non-DM).
Results: In both groups, all parameters significantly decreased at 3 months; however, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-c) and total cholesterol (TC) to HDL-c ratio decreased up to 6 months. At baseline, in DM, we found a negative correlation between body mass index (BMI) and TC to HDL-c ratio and glucose with HDL-c and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) with BMI and a direct correlation between glucose with TC to HDL-c ratio and glucose with triglycerides. In non-DM, no correlations were found. Comparing both groups for each parameter, we found significant differences at basal levels for glucose, HOMA, triglycerides (TG), and TG to HDL-c ratio. Changes between basal levels and 1 year after surgery were significantly different in glucose and HOMA.
Conclusion: BS offers excellent results in weight reduction and significantly improves IR, diabetes, and the lipid profile, decreasing global cardiovascular risk.