High-speed rotational atherectomy in the treatment of bifurcation-type coronary lesions

Background: Bifurcational coronary lesions present a major interventional challenge. The differential cutting mechanism of high-speed rotational atherectomy (HSRA) may provide a favourable technique of treating this complex lesion subtype.

Methods: We evaluated the use of HSRA (32 lesions) compared to balloon angioplasty (BA) (118 lesions), with provisional stenting in both groups, in a non-randomised, retrospective study of 150 bifurcation-type lesions.

Results: The HSRA/stent group had a high primary success rate of 97%, an acceptably low in-hospital event rate of 9% and an overall major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rate at a mean follow-up period of 15 +/- 3.4 months of 22.5% with a target lesion revascularisation (TLR) rate of 18.7%. Procedural success in the BA/stent group was 81% with an in-hospital event rate of 14.4%, and the overall MACE rate at follow-up was 27.5% with a TLR rate of 23%. We achieved a greater acute gain in minimal luminal diameter and a lesser percentage of residual stenosis after intervention in the HSRA/stent group compared to the BA/stent group (p < 0.01). Outcome at follow-up favoured the HSRA/stent group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion: HSRA with provisional stenting provided a safe and effective means of treating bifurcation lesions.