Basic—Alimentary TractDietary Histidine Ameliorates Murine Colitis by Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokine Production From Macrophages
Section snippets
Reagents
Amino acids used were as follows: l-histidine, carnosine (Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and d-histidine (Wako, Japan). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli 0111:B4 was also purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Polyclonal antibodies against inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB)-α and p65 were purchased from Cell Signaling technology (Danvers, MA) and Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA), respectively.
Animals
IL-10−/− mice from a C57BL/6 background were purchased from Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME). Mice
ED Amino Acids Ameliorate Murine IL-10−/− Cell Transfer Colitis Models
We previously reported that ED reduces colonic inflammation in murine IL-10−/− cell transfer colitis models.23 ED was composed of 17.6% amino acids, 79.3% dextrin, 0.6% soybean oil, 0.5% vitamins, and 2.0% minerals (Table 1). We first analyzed the efficacy of a premixture of EDAAs on IL-10−/− cell transfer colitis models. EDAAs mixed in the standard formula improved colonic weight in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 1A). TNF-α has been well characterized as an important inflammatory cytokine
Discussion
We demonstrated that orally administered histidine ameliorated intestinal inflammation in an IL-10−/− cell transfer colitis model. It has been reported that IL-10−/− cell transfer colitis models exhibit features similar to IBD, both pathophysiologically and pharmacologically.18 Consistent with previous reports that show the efficacy of ED for CD,10, 11, 12, 13 we found that ED was effective in this colitis model. ED was composed of 17 amino acids, dextrin, bean oil, vitamins, and minerals (
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The authors disclose the following: Supported in part by grants-in-aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare; Keio University; and Keio Medical Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.