Review article
History of artificial intelligence in medicine

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.040Get rights and content

Artificial intelligence (AI) was first described in 1950; however, several limitations in early models prevented widespread acceptance and application to medicine. In the early 2000s, many of these limitations were overcome by the advent of deep learning. Now that AI systems are capable of analyzing complex algorithms and self-learning, we enter a new age in medicine where AI can be applied to clinical practice through risk assessment models, improving diagnostic accuracy and workflow efficiency. This article presents a brief historical perspective on the evolution of AI over the last several decades and the introduction and development of AI in medicine in recent years. A brief summary of the major applications of AI in gastroenterology and endoscopy are also presented, which are reviewed in further detail by several other articles in this issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Abbreviations

AI
artificial intelligence
AIM
artificial intelligence in medicine
ANN
artificial neural network
CAD
computer-aided diagnosis
CNN
convolutional neural network
DL
deep learning
ML
machine learning

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DISCLOSURE: All authors disclosed no financial relationships.

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