Coronary artery diseaseDefining Normal Distributions of Coronary Artery Calcium in Women and Men (from the Framingham Heart Study)
Section snippets
Methods
Subjects for this study were drawn from the Offspring and Third Generation cohorts of the community-based Framingham Heart Study. Selection criteria and study design have been described.1 Subjects in the analysis attended the Offspring seventh examination cycle (1998 to 2001) or Third Generation first examination cycle (2002 to 2005) and had complete risk-factor information (to allow determination of hypertension, lipids, smoking status, body mass index, and diabetes). Inclusion in the MDCT
Results
In the healthy reference sample, mean AS and the AS defining each percentile increased with age in both men and women and was consistently higher in men versus women within each age stratum (Table 1). Similar percentiles were noted in women who were about 10 years older than men. CAC prevalences were 30.3% (n = 500 of 1,652) in the overall healthy reference sample, 40.5% (n = 325 of 803) in men, and 20.6% (n = 175 of 849) in women. Although 20.6% of men aged <45 years had CAC, women <55 years
Discussion
In this study, we established normal values and distributions of CAC in a community-based sample of healthy white men and women free of clinically apparent cardiovascular disease and any CHD risk factors. We further established the absolute and relative distributions of CAC in a larger cohort of subjects free of clinically apparent cardiovascular disease and in subjects at intermediate risk of cardiovascular events.
We found similar age and gender associations of CAC in all 3 cohorts. There was
References (13)
- et al.
Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography
J Am Coll Cardiol
(1990) - et al.
Evidence for lower variability of coronary artery calcium mineral mass measurements by multi-detector computed tomography in a community-based cohort—consequences for progression studies
Eur J Radiol
(2006) - et al.
Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in 35,246 adults
Am J Cardiol
(2001) - et al.
Comparison of prognostic usefulness of coronary artery calcium in men versus women (results from a meta- and pooled analysis estimating all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease death or myocardial infarction)
Am J Cardiol
(2007) - et al.
The Third Generation Cohort of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study: design, recruitment, and initial examination
Am J Epidemiol
(2007) - et al.
Some risk factors related to the annual incidence of cardiovascular disease and death using pooled repeated biennial measurements: Framingham Study, 30-year follow-up
Cited by (141)
Biomechanical analysis of complications following T10-Pelvis spinal fusion: A population based computational study
2024, Journal of BiomechanicsQuantitative Coronary Artery Plaque Distributions on Computed Tomography Angiography
2024, JACC: Cardiovascular ImagingCoronary artery calcium and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in women with early menopause: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
2022, American Journal of Preventive CardiologyEvolving Role of Calcium Density in Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk
2022, JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging
This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Framingham Heart Study (National Institutes of Health/NHLBI Contract N01-HC-25195, Bethesda, maryland), Framingham, Massachusetts.