MethodComparison of Transthoracic Versus Transesophageal Echocardiography for Detection of Right-to-Left Atrial Shunting Using Agitated Saline Contrast
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Pearls and Pitfalls in the Transesophageal Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Patent Foramen Ovale
2023, Journal of the American Society of EchocardiographyDiagnostic Accuracy of Transthoracic Echocardiography With Contrast for Detection of Right-to-Left Shunt: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
2022, Canadian Journal of CardiologyCitation Excerpt :The positive likelihood ratio was 4.21 (95% CI, 4.82-7.94; 95% PI, 1.2-7.93) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.52 (95% CI, 0.36-0.68; 95% PI, 0.08-0.93). In the subset of 17 studies that indicated use of harmonic imaging, the sensitivity of TTE-C was 82% (95% CI, 77%-87%; 95% PI, 63%-100%) and the specificity was 95% (95% CI, 93%-97%; 95% PI, 87%-100%; Supplemental Fig. S1).18,19,21-29,31,32,34,35,37,42 In this subgroup, TTE-C was noted to have a positive likelihood ratio of 8.94 (95% CI, 4.24-13.45; 95% PI, 0.0-19.46), whereas the negative likelihood ratio was 0.19 (95% CI, 0.13-0.24; 95% PI, 0.0-0.38).
Management of the Patient With Patent Foramen Ovale in 2021: A Spectrum of Cases
2021, Mayo Clinic ProceedingsCitation Excerpt :Intracardiac echocardiography performed at the time of PFO device closure, confirmed the presence of a large PFO. Intravenous sedation interferes with adequate performance of the Valsalva maneuver in some patients,10 and it can cause a false-negative TEE examination result for right-to-left shunting. For patients referred to our echocardiographic laboratory, we perform transthoracic bubble study before sedation for a TEE examination, to improve the sensitivity of detecting a PFO with shunting.
Agitated Saline Contrast Echocardiography in the Identification of Intra- and Extracardiac Shunts: Connecting the Dots
2021, Journal of the American Society of EchocardiographyEchocardiography, transcranial doppler, and oximetry for imaging and quantification of pfo-mediated shunts
2019, Patent Foramen Ovale Closure for Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Peripheral Embolism, Migraine, and HypoxemiaIdentification and Quantification of Patent Foramen Ovale–Mediated Shunts: Echocardiography and Transcranial Doppler
2017, Interventional Cardiology Clinics