Whole group (n=208) | MACE (n=42) | No MACE (n=166) | P value | |
Age, years | 53±14 | 55±15 | 54±15 | 0.312 |
Male, n (%) | 139 (67%) | 32 (76%) | 107 (64%) | 0.149 |
Ethnicity | ||||
Caucasian, n (%) | 168 (81%) | 27 (64%) | 141 (85%) | 0.002 |
Non-Caucasian, n (%) | 40 (19%) | 15 (36%) | 25 (15%) | 0.002 |
Smoking history, n (%) | 73 (35%) | 13 (31%) | 60 (36%) | 0.529 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 29.0±5.6 | 28.6±5.6 | 29.2±5.6 | 0.545 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 76 (37%) | 16 (38%) | 60 (36%) | 0.815 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 31 (15%) | 4 (10%) | 27 (16%) | 0.273 |
Presenting symptoms | ||||
Palpitations, n (%) | 117 (56%) | 27 (64%) | 90 (54%) | 0.240 |
Chest pain, n (%) | 46 (22%) | 5 (11%) | 41 (25%) | 0.074 |
Syncope, n (%) | 40 (19%) | 12 (29%) | 28 (17%) | 0.086 |
Abnormal ECG, n (%) | 110 (53%) | 29 (69%) | 81 (49%) | 0.019 |
Steroid therapy at baseline, n (%) | 105 (51%) | 22 (52%) | 83 (50%) | 0.783 |
Beta-blocker at baseline, n (%) | 78 (38%) | 24 (57%) | 54 (33%) | 0.003 |
ACE-I or ARB at baseline, n (%) | 63 (30%) | 15 (36%) | 48 (29%) | 0.392 |
Pulmonary function tests | ||||
FEV1 %predicted | 82±23.9 | 85±27.6 | 23±23.1 | 0.567 |
FVC %predicted | 94±19.9 | 95±22.2 | 94±19.5 | 0.815 |
TLCo %predicted | 85±20.3 | 91±22.6 | 83±19.6 | 0.090 |
ACE-I, ace inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; TLCo, transfer factor for carbon monoxide.