Patient characteristics
| Characteristics, n (%) | Overall cohort (unadjusted) | Overall cohort (IPTW-adjusted) | ||||||
| Isolation (n=460) | Preservation (n=413) | P value | SMD, % | Isolation (n=460) | Preservation (n=413) | P value | SMD, % | |
| Age, years | 66.0 (56.4–72.0) | 63.9 (53.5–71.1) | 0.108 | 11.0 | 63.9±10.3 | 63.3±12.0 | 0.525 | 4.9 |
| Female sex | 254 (55.2) | 181 (43.8) | 0.001 | 22.9 | 53.7 | 50.4 | 0.499 | 6.4 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.3 (21.3–25.5) | 23.8 (21.7–25.9) | 0.047 | 15.9 | 23.4±3.0 | 23.5±3.6 | 0.552 | 4.8 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 196 (42.6) | 213 (51.6) | 0.008 | 18.0 | 49.7 | 47.6 | 0.664 | 4.1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 71 (15.4) | 63 (15.3) | 0.941 | 0.5 | 13.8 | 13.5 | 0.915 | 0.9 |
| COPD | 93 (20.2) | 70 (17.0) | 0.216 | 8.4 | 14.9 | 17.0 | 0.448 | 5.7 |
| CKD | 81.0±17.6 | 63.0±15.3 | 0.349 | 6.4 | 15.6 | 16.3 | 0.836 | 1.8 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 60 (13.0) | 115 (27.9) | <0.001 | 3.73 | 26.12 | 2.31 | 0.493 | 7.1 |
| CVA history | 61 (13.3) | 446 (11.1) | 0.340 | 6.5 | 10.1 | 11.8 | 0.467 | 5.4 |
| NYHA III or IV | 160 (34.8) | 135 (32.7) | 0.514 | 4.4 | 31.1 | 34.2 | 0.977 | 0.3 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 0.032 | 15.1 | 2.3±1.5 | 2.3±1.5 | 0.920 | 0.8 |
| AF type | ||||||||
| Paroxysmal | 44 (9.6) | 75 (18.2) | <0.001 | 25.1 | 8.9 | 13.3 | 0.051 | 14.1 |
| Persistent | 207 (45.0) | 198 (47.9) | 0.384 | 5.9 | 45.5 | 44.8 | 0.880 | 1.4 |
| Long-standing | 209 (45.4) | 140 (33.9) | <0.001 | 23.7 | 45.7 | 42.0 | 0.444 | 7.5 |
| AF duration, months | 8.0 (1.0–60.0) | 4.0 (0.0–36.0) | <0.001 | 21.4 | 39.8±62.0 | 41.2±66.9 | 0.791 | 2.2 |
| Echocardiographic data | ||||||||
| LVEF, % | 60.0 (55.0–65.0) | 51.0 (55.2–65.1) | 0.244 | 0.5 | 59.2±8.2 | 59.14±9.3 | 0.889 | 1.2 |
| LA diameter, mm | 58.0 (52.0–64.0) | 54.0 (48.0–60.0) | <0.001 | 31.1 | 57.8±9.5 | 57.7±11.2 | 0.938 | 0.7 |
| Operative data | ||||||||
| Concomitant procedure | ||||||||
| TV surgery | 342 (74.4) | 187 (45.3) | <0.001 | 62.1 | 65.3 | 61.5 | 0.407 | 7.9 |
| CABG | 5 (1.1) | 3 (0.7) | 0.729 | 3.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.998 | 0.0 |
| Surgical ablation | ||||||||
| Energy source | >0.999 | 2.2 | 0.888 | 0.8 | ||||
| Cryoablation | 457 (99.4) | 411 (99.5) | 99.6 | 99.7 | ||||
| Radiofrequency | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.5) | 0.4 | 0.3 | ||||
| Lesion set | <0.001 | 82.6 | 0.883 | 1.5 | ||||
| Biatrial ablation | 392 (85.2) | 204 (49.4) | 66.2 | 66.9 | ||||
| LA ablation | 68 (14.8) | 209 (50.6) | 33.8 | 33.1 | ||||
| CPB time, min | 141.0 (119.0–175.5) | 161.0 (128.0–201.0) | <0.001 | 30.6 | 180.0±81.1 | 167.2±61.8 | 0.221 | 17.7 |
| ACC time, min | 107.0 (88.0–130.5) | 103.0 (82.0–131.0) | 0.145 | 3.2 | 118.5±41.1 | 114.4±44.2 | 0.346 | 9.6 |
ACC, aorta-cross clamping; AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; IPTW, inverse-probability of treatment weighting; LA, left atrial; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SMD, standardised mean difference; TV, tricuspid valve.