Intraoperative anaesthetic (including BIS-ValveDepl) and vasoactive medications
| PaCO2-ValveDepl≤60 mm Hg (n=149) | PaCO2-ValveDepl>60 mm Hg (n=52) | P value | PaCO2-%increase<50% (n=165) | PaCO2-%increase>50% (n=29) | P value | pH-ValveDepl>7.2 | pH-ValveDepl≤7.2 | P value | |
| Dexmedetomidine | |||||||||
| Total (µg)±SD (range) | 115.4±50.6 (16.0–374) | 123.7±61.1 (0.0–342.0) | 0.561 | 118.0±51.6 (16.0–374.0) | 115.5±61.9 (0.0–342) | 0.428 | 118.2±53.1 (0.0–374.0) | 98.4±65.7 (38.0–241.0) | 0.076 |
| Avg (µg/kg/hour)±SD (range) | 0.28±0.12 (0.08–1.30) | 0.27±0.07 (0.06–0.42) | 0.949 | 0.28±0.12 (0.08–1.30) | 0.27±0.07 (0.06–0.39) | 0.964 | 0.28±0.11 (0.06–1.30) | 0.24±0.07 (0.13–0.33) | 0.384 |
| Propofol | |||||||||
| Total (µg)±SD (range) | 376.2±201.3 (0.0–1162.0) | 521.6±332.4 (164.0–1960.0) | 0.004 | 401.4±228.6 (0.0–1600.0) | 498.0±352.2 (186.0–1860.0) | 0.332 | 405.3±229.9 (0.0–1600.0) | 649.3±567.8 (202.0–1860.0 | 0.217 |
| Avg (µg/kg/min)±SD (range) | 38.4±18.7 (0.78–94.2) | 47.2±21.7 (12.1–114.4) | 0.005 | 39.7±18.7 (0.8–94.2) | 47.8±25.6 (12.1–114.4) | 0.115 | 39.8±18.8 (0.78–94.2) | 63.9±33.4 (27.0–114.4) | 0.105 |
| Fentanyl (any) % | 27.5 | 34.6 | 0.378 | 29.1 | 31.0 | 0.828 | 28.9 | 42.9 | 0.421 |
| Ketamine (any) % | 4.7 | 0.0 | 0.194 | 1.2 | 13.8 | 0.005 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 1.000 |
| BIS-ValveDepl | |||||||||
| Mean±SD (range) | 49.0±13.5 (41–54) | 43.7±10.7 (37–50) | 0.036 | 48.6±13.3 (41–54) | 44.7±10.9 (39–50) | 0.304 | 47.7±13.2 (41–53) | 47.4±10.0 (38–53) | 0.909 |
| Vasopressors | |||||||||
| Any during case % | 88.6 | 96.2 | 0.167 | 90.3 | 96.5 | 0.477 | 90.2 | 100 | 1.000 |
| Any at ValveDepl % | 77.8 | 86.5 | 0.227 | 79.4 | 93.1 | 0.118 | 79.4 | 100 | 0.349 |
| Vasopressor equivalents | |||||||||
| Total (µg)±SD (range) | 246.4±271.9 (0.0–1932.0) | 300.5±289.6 (0.0–1244.0) | 0.180 | 234.5±260.0 (0.0–1932.0) | 411.7±332.1 (0.0–1244.0) | 0.002 | 256.3±279.4 (0.0–1932) | 373.1±168.5 (134.0–695.5) | 0.042 |
| Avg (µg/kg/min)±SD (range) | 0.024±0.026 (0.00–0.128) | 0.028±0.024 (0.00–0.081) | 0.247 | 0.023±0.024 (0.0–0.13) | 0.038±0.027 (0.0–0.09) | 0.002 | 0.025±0.025 (0.00–0.13) | 0.043±0.021 (0.02–0.08) | 0.020 |
| Inotropes (any) (%) | 1.3 | 9.6 | 0.013 | 1.2 | 17.2 | <0.001 | 3.6 | 0.0 | 1.000 |
This compares PaCO2-sedation≤60 mm Hg and>60 mm Hg (201 total patients); PaCO2-%increase from baseline of ≤50% and >50% (194 total patients); and pH≤7.2 and >7.2 (201 total patients). Medications are recorded as either ‘any’ (% of patients), total dose or average dose per kilogram during the case (µg/kg/hour or µg/kg/min).
BIS, Bispectral Index Monitoring System; PaCO2, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide; ValveDepl, valve deployment.