Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models assessing the impact of TR severity on adverse outcomes
| At baseline | No events* (n=426) | Cardiovascular events (n=185) | Unadjusted | Multivariable adjustment for age, NYHA class, AF, LVEF, SPAP, RV dysfunction, Cn and PMV intervention | Multivariable adjustment for age, NYHA class, AF, LVEF, SPAP, RV dysfunction, Cn, PMV intervention and TR degree | |||
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |||
| Age, years | 45.3±11.8 | 52.5±12.0 | 1.045 (1.033 to 1.058) | <0.001 | 1.037 (1.022 to 1.051) | <0.001 | 1.031 (1.015 to 1.046) | <0.001 |
| NYHA III–IV | 140 (33) | 85 (46) | 1.959 (1.461 to 2.628) | <0.001 | 2.174 (1.529 to 3.092) | <0.001 | 2.102 (1.479 to 2.987) | <0.001 |
| AF | 115 (27) | 80 (43) | 1.983 (1.474 to 2.666) | <0.001 | … | … | … | … |
| LVEF (%) | 62.8±7.3 | 60.8±8.5 | 0.971 (0.955 to 0.988) | 0.001 | 0.969 (0.949 to 0.989) | 0.002 | 0.973 (0.953 to 0.993) | 0.010 |
| SPAP (mm Hg) | 42.2±16.8 | 45.7±18.0 | 1.010 (1.002 to 1.018) | 0.010 | 1.010 (0.998 to 1.021) | 0.095 | … | … |
| RV dysfunction | 102 (24) | 70 (38) | 1.837 (1.357 to 2.485) | <0.001 | … | … | … | … |
| Cn (mL/mm Hg) | 5.3±1.9 | 4.8±1.7 | 0.869 (0.789 to 0.957) | 0.004 | 0.880 (0.780 to 0.993) | 0.038 | 0.850 (0.766 to 0.944) | 0.002 |
| PMV† | 270 (63) | 93 (50) | 0.576 (0.431 to 0.769) | <0.001 | 0.438 (0.302 to 0.634) | <0.001 | 0.441 (0.305 to 0.637) | <0.001 |
| TR degrees | ||||||||
| No or mild TR | 391 (92) | 141 (76) | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Moderate TR | 27 (6) | 24 (13) | 2.132 (1.382 to 3.290) | 0.001 | 1.908 (1.149 to 3.168) | 0.013 | ||
| Severe TR | 8 (2) | 20 (11) | 3.650 (2.283 to 5.834) | <0.001 | 2.298 (1.279 to 4.132) | 0.005 | ||
*Five patients (0.8%) died from non-cardiac causes, and in 29 patients (4.5%), follow-up data were not obtained.
†PMV performed short-term after enrolment (median of 2.3 months).
AF, atrial fibrillation; Cn, net atrioventricular compliance; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PMV, percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricular; SPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.