Baseline echocardiographic characteristics of study population, stratified by TR severity
| Echocardiographic data | No or mild TR (n=562) | Moderate TR (n=55) | Severe TR (n=28) | P value | |
| LVDd (mm) | 48.6±6.0 | 48.6±6.3 | 43.0±6.1 | <0.001 | |
| LVSd (mm) | 31.8±5.1 | 32.0±7.2 | 29.5±6.2 | 0.088 | |
| LVEF (%) | 62.8±7.5 | 59.8±8.7 | 57.0±8.7 | <0.001 | |
| LA dimension (mm) | 49.5±7.1 | 53.2±8.1 | 53.6±6.2 | <0.001 | |
| LAV index (mL/m2) | 60.2±25.2 | 68.2±31.4 | 66.7±26.8 | 0.053 | |
| Peak gradient (mm Hg) | 17.9±6.9 | 19.5±7.3 | 16.7±9.5 | 0.193 | |
| Mean gradient (mm Hg) | 9.8±4.8 | 10.7±4.9 | 8.7±5.5 | 0.215 | |
| Mitral valve area (cm2)* | 1.2±0.4 | 1.1±0.3 | 0.99±0.4 | 0.017 | |
| Leaflets displacement (mm) | 14.8±2.7 | 13.8±3.0 | 12.8±2.9 | 0.001 | |
| Cn (mL/mm Hg) | 5.2±1.9 | 4.5±1.6 | 5.1±1.6 | 0.031 | |
| Mitral regurgitation | Absent | 71 (13) | 6 (11) | 1 (4) | 0.028 |
| Mild | 447 (80) | 40 (73) | 26 (93) | ||
| Moderate | 42 (8) | 7 (13) | 1 (4) | ||
| Severe | 2 (0.4) | 2 (4) | 0 | ||
| RV function parameters | |||||
| RV basal diameter (mm) | 38.2±5.2 | 43.3±6.8 | 52.3±10.4 | <0.001 | |
| Impaired RV contractility† | 118 (21) | 31 (57) | 25 (89) | <0.001 | |
| Systolic annular velocity (cm/s)‡ | 10.6±2.1 | 9.8±2.5 | 8.4±1.8 | <0.001 | |
| Tricuspid annular diameter (mm) | 31.9±6.1 | 37.8±5.4 | 44.8±9.8 | <0.001 | |
| Tricuspid annular index (mm/m2) | 18.6±3.5 | 22.2±4.1 | 27.6±5.0 | <0.001 | |
| Tricuspid annular motion (mm) | 18.2±4.2 | 15.7±3.1 | 14.6±3.7 | <0.001 | |
| RV end-diastolic area (cm2) | 17.2±3.8 | 19.7±5.7 | 27.9±12.0 | <0.001 | |
| RV end-systolic area (cm2) | 9.1±3.0 | 11.7±5.5 | 16.0±7.6 | <0.001 | |
| RV fractional area change (%) | 47.5±10.1 | 42.6±13.4 | 43.7±8.6 | 0.004 | |
| RV myocardial performance index | 0.34±0.17 | 0.42±0.20 | 0.35±0.12 | 0.014 | |
| RA area (cm2) | 16.0±4.8 | 21.6±5.9 | 31.1±13.2 | <0.001 | |
| SPAP (mm Hg) | 41.7±15.5 | 56.4±24.1 | 43.4±15.5 | <0.001 | |
| Estimated RA pressure (mm Hg) | 4.5±3.7 | 6.8±4.6 | 13.6±3.1 | <0.001 | |
Data are expressed as the mean value±SD or absolute numbers (percentage).
*Mitral valve area by planimetry.
†RV contractility was assessed qualitatively by multiple views.
‡Peak systolic velocity at the tricuspid annulus.
Cn, net atrioventricular compliance; LA, left atrium; LAV, left atrial volume; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVSd, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; MR, mitral regurgitation; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricular; SPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.