Baseline clinical characteristics of study population, stratified by TR severity
| No or mild TR (n=562) | Moderate TR (n=55) | Severe TR (n=28) | P value | |
| Clinical data* | ||||
| Age (years) | 46.3±12.1 | 52.9±11.3 | 59.6±11.7 | <0.001 |
| Female | 476 (85) | 46 (84) | 25 (89) | 0.779 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.70±0.2 | 1.69±0.2 | 1.62±0.1 | 0.106 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.5±5.5 | 27.3±5.7 | 26.4±5.5 | 0.626 |
| NYHA classes III–IV | 197 (35) | 22 (40) | 17 (61) | 0.022 |
| Chest pain | 242 (43) | 18 (32) | 4 (14) | 0.003 |
| Right-sided heart failure | 112 (20) | 18 (33) | 18 (64) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 152 (27) | 32 (58) | 21 (75) | <0.001 |
| Previous MV intervention† | 167 (30) | 20 (36) | 15 (54) | 0.024 |
| Ischaemic cerebrovascular events‡ | 107 (19) | 11 (20) | 6 (22) | 0.903 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes | 15 (3) | 3 (6) | 1 (4) | 0.303 |
| Hypertension | 140 (25) | 15 (28) | 12 (42) | 0.132 |
| Medications | ||||
| Diuretics | 371 (66) | 43 (78) | 27 (96) | 0.001 |
| β-Blockers | 416 (74) | 49 (89) | 21 (75) | 0.031 |
| ACE inhibitors | 96 (17) | 10 (17) | 9 (36) | 0.046 |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 57 (10) | 8 (15) | 4 (15) | 0.440 |
| Penicillin benzathine use | 136 (24) | 12 (22) | 4 (14) | 0.459 |
| Anticoagulation therapy | 202 (36) | 31 (57) | 19 (68) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 69.2±12.7 | 72.7±15.9 | 73.4±21.5 | 0.065 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 116.5±17.2 | 118.9±14.7 | 117.2±16.3 | 0.605 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75.1±11.2 | 75.6±9.5 | 75.4±11.8 | 0.927 |
*Data are expressed as the mean value±SD or absolute numbers (percentage).
†Surgical commissurotomy or percutaneous valvuloplasty. Twenty-one patients underwent both procedures.
‡Stroke or transient ischaemic attack at baseline.
MV, mitral valve; NYHA, New York Heart Association; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.