References | Arrhythmia monitoring method | Definition of AF | Median follow-up (years, IQR) | Bradycardia needing PPM | AF needing anticoagulation | ||
No. at end of follow-up duration (n, %) | Rate (n/year) | No. at end of follow-up duration (n, %) | Rate (n/year) | ||||
O’Mahony et al10 | ECG | Any duration | 4.8 (0.07–18) | 12 (5.9) | 1.46* | 6 (2.9) | 1.25 |
Shah et al19 | ECG/Holter | Any duration | 1.9 (0.3–10) | 6 (7.8) | 3.16 | 15 (19.2) | 2.11* |
Patel et al14 | ECG | Any duration | 7.1 (4.0–9.1) | 13 (6.3) | 1.13* | 13 (6.3) | 1.27* |
Weidemann et al21 | ILR | Episode >3 min | 1.2 (0.3–2.0) | 5 (31.25) | 4.17 | 5 (31.25) | 4.17 |
Talbot et al20 | ECG | N/A | 10 | 4 (16) | 0.1* | N/A | N/A |
Acharya et al13 | ECG/Holter/cardiac device (retrospective) | No definition | 4.4 | 2 (10.5) | 0.45 | 2 (10.5) | 0.45 |
Hopkin et al23 | Holter/ECG | N/A | Males: 4.3 (0–11.1) Females: 3.2 (0–10) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Sené et al18 | ECG | N/A | 8 (2–11) | 8 (16.3) | 1 | N/A | N/A |
Di et al16 | Holter | Episode >30 s | N/A | 6 (11.3) | N/A | 11 (20.8) | N/A |
Pichette et al17 | Holter | Clinically significant episode >30 s | 4.2 (2.5–6.3)* | N/A | N/A | 5 (11.6) | 0.24* |
Vijapurapu et al22 | Cardiac device | Episode>30 s | 4.3 (2.2–7.7) | N/A | N/A | 17 (18.9) | 3.95 |
Estimate of event rates (%)* | N/A | N/A | N/A | 12.2 (7.2–19.7) | 10.0 (6.6–14.8) |
*Percentage estimate of event rate with 95% CIs, calculated using generalised linear mixed models with logit transformation.
AF, atrial fibrillation; ILR, implantable loop recorder; PPM, permanent pacemaker.