IE (n=633) | No-IE (n=25 186) | P value | MB (n=784) | No MB (n=25 035) | P value | |
Age, years | 85.0±5.1 | 84.4±5.2 | 0.004 | 84.8±5.6 | 84.4±5.2 | 0.06 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 22.0±3.7 | 22.4±5.1 | 0.02 | 21.6±4.0 | 22.4±5.1 | <0.001 |
BSA | 1.42±0.18 | 1.43±0.17 | 0.02 | 1.39±0.18 | 1.44±0.17 | <0.001 |
Female | 432 (68%) | 17 211 (68%) | 0.96 | 571 (73%) | 17 072 (68%) | 0.01 |
Smoking | 96 (15%) | 4005 (16%) | 0.16 | 115 (15%) | 3986 (16%) | 0.34 |
Diabetes | 0.57 | |||||
Non-insulin-treated | 155 (25%) | 5673 (23%) | 0.25 | 187 (24%) | 5641 (23%) | 0.39 |
Insulin-treated | 32 (5%) | 999 (4%) | 0.18 | 34 (4%) | 997 (4%) | 0.58 |
Hypertension | 526 (83%) | 19 885 (79%) | 0.01 | 635 (81%) | 19 776 (79%) | 0.18 |
Dyslipidaemia | 328 (52%) | 12 240 (49%) | 0.11 | 374 (48%) | 12 194 (49%) | 0.58 |
PVD | 151 (24%) | 2777 (11%) | <0.001 | 123 (16%) | 2785 (11%) | <0.001 |
Malignancy | 61 (10%) | 2318 (9%) | 0.71 | 69 (9%) | 2310 (9%) | 0.68 |
CHF | 421 (67%) | 15 832 (63%) | 0.06 | 511 (65%) | 15 742 (63%) | 0.19 |
CKD (CrCl<60) | 585 (92%) | 22 181 (88%) | <0.001 | 716 (91%) | 22 050 (88%) | 0.01 |
Severe CKD | 237 (37%) | 7468 (30%) | <0.001 | 292 (37%) | 7413 (30%) | <0.001 |
Anaemia | 304 (48%) | 11 969 (48%) | 0.80 | 447 (57%) | 11 826 (47%) | <0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 109 (17%) | 2995 (12%) | <0.001 | 103 (13%) | 3001 (12%) | 0.33 |
COPD | 202 (32%) | 7387 (29%) | 0.16 | 250 (32%) | 7339 (29%) | 0.12 |
Previous PCI | 168 (27%) | 5778 (23%) | 0.03 | 217 (28%) | 5729 (23%) | 0.002 |
Previous CABG | 28 (4%) | 1137 (5%) | 0.91 | 40 (5%) | 1125 (5%) | 0.42 |
Permanent peacemaker | 36 (6%) | 1403 (6%) | 0.90 | 45 (6%) | 1394 (6%) | 0.84 |
Atrial fibrillation | 124 (20%) | 4274 (17%) | 0.08 | 157 (20%) | 4241 (17%) | 0.02 |
STS score | 6.7 [4.6–9.6) | 6.0 [4.2–8.7) | <0.001 | 6.4 [4.5–9.7) | 6.0 [4.2–8.7) | <0.001 |
Preoperative medications | ||||||
Aspirin | 308 (49%) | 11 295 (45%) | 0.06 | 394 (50%) | 11 209 (45%) | 0.002 |
Thienopyridine | 3 (0.5%) | 154 (0.6%) | 1.00 | 7 (0.9%) | 150 (0.6%) | 0.34 |
Warfarin | 28 (4%) | 1399 (6%) | 0.22 | 60 (8%) | 1367 (6%) | |
DOAC | 71 (11%) | 2690 (11%) | 0.67 | 97 (12%) | 2664 (11%) | |
Triple therapy | 6 (0.9%) | 255 (1%) | 0.87 | 13 (2%) | 248 (1%) | |
Aortic valve area | 0.6 [0.5–0.8) | 0.6 [0.5–0.8) | 0.03 | 0.6 [0.5–0.7) | 0.6 [0.5–0.8) | 0.11 |
Aortic valve gradient | 46(36-59) | 46(38-60) | 0.33 | 46(36-59) | 46(38-60) | 0.16 |
LVEF | 64(55-69) | 64(56-70) | 0.24 | 64(57-70) | 64(56-70) | 0.61 |
Moderate or severe AR | 51 (8%) | 1817 (7%) | 0.42 | 48 (6%) | 1820 (7%) | 0.22 |
Moderate or severe MR | 49 (8%) | 2052 (8%) | 0.71 | 66 (8%) | 2035 (8%) | 0.77 |
Bicuspid valve | 17 (3%) | 529 (2%) | 0.86 | 14 (2%) | 652 (3%) | 0.15 |
Procedural characteristics | ||||||
Prosthesis type | ||||||
Balloon expandable | 405 (64%) | 18 975 (75%) | <0.001 | 569 (73%) | 18 811 (75%) | 0.10 |
Self-expandable | 227 (36%) | 6161 (24%) | <0.001 | 209 (27%) | 6179 (25%) | 0.21 |
Prosthesis size | <0.001 | 0.92 | ||||
20 mm | 23 (4%) | 1290 (5%) | 43 (5%) | 1270 (5%) | ||
23 mm | 254 (40%) | 11 154 (44%) | 337 (43%) | 11 071 (44%) | ||
26 mm | 227 (36%) | 9168 (36%) | 287 (37%) | 9108 (36%) | ||
29 mm | 128 (20%) | 3524 (14%) | 111 (14%) | 3541 (14%) | ||
Transfemoral approach | 532 (84%) | 22 375 (89%) | 0.002 | 650 (83%) | 22 257 (89%) | <0.001 |
AR, aortic regurgitation; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; IE, ischaemic events; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MB, major bleeding; MR, mitral regurgitation; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PVD, peripheral vessel disease; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgery.