Table 3

Changes in echocardiographic parameters in male and female athletes from baseline to first follow-up, first to second follow-up and baseline to second follow-up

	Baseline to first follow-up (12–15 years old)		First to second follow-up (15–18 years old)		Baseline to second follow-up (12–18 years old)
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
	(n=34)	(n=12)	(n=21)	(n=7)	(n=23)	(n=10)
LA volume/BSA, ΔmL/m²	3.8±8.0*	4.9±5.7	6.6±10.2*	1.6±7.2	11.1±9.0*	6.1±5.4
IVSd, Δmm	0.4±1.2	−0.6±1.4†	1.2±1.2*	1.1±1.9	1.6±1.7	−0.2±1.5†
LVIDd, Δmm	9.0±4.9*	6.5±3.0*	3.3±4.7*	2.6±1.5	13.1±5.7*	8.3±4.4*
LVPWd, Δmm	1.1±1.4*	−0.2±1.4†	1.1±1.1*	1.4±1.0	2.0±1.8	0.3±1.2†
LVIDd/BSA, Δmm/m²	0.9±0.3*	0.9±0.2*	−0.2±0.2*	−0.0±0.1	0.7±0.3	0.8±0.3
LV EDV, ΔmL	42±23*	15±25*†	13±16*	1±12	57±20*	25±11*†
LV EDV/BSA, ΔmL/m²	4.6±12.4*	−5.4±14.2†	−2.6±9.6	−4.4±6.3	2.3±9.7	−3.9±4.5†
LV ESV, ΔmL	19±12*	12±9*†	1±10	−3±6	18±13*	10±6*
LV ESV/BSA, ΔmL/ m²	2.8±6.6*	1.2±4.5	−4.8±5.1*	−3.6±2.7	−2.0±6.3	−1.8±3.8
LVM, Δg	55±36*	18±30†	49±33*	35±23*	107±51*	35±32*†
LVM/BSA, Δg/m²	14±21*	−2±20†	16±16*	17±13	33±27*	4±19†
RV EDA/BSA, Δcm²/m²	−2.6±2.7*	−3.0±2.9*	−0.3±2.4	−1.1±1.2	−1.7±3.4*	−2.9±3.2*
RV ESA/BSA, Δcm²/m²	−1.1±2.0	−1.6±1.4	−0.7±1.3	1.1±0.8	−0.9±1.9*	−1.7±2.2*

Observed values expressed as mean±SD. P values are calculated using linear mixed model regression analysis.
*Significant increase between follow-ups, p≤0.01.
†Significant difference between male and female group, p≤0.01.
BSA, body surface area; EDA, end-diastolic area; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESA, end-systolic area; ESV, end-systolic volume; IVSd, interventricular septum thickness in end-diastole; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LVIDd, left ventricular internal diameter in end-diastole; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall thickness in end-diastole; RV, right ventricle.