Paper | n | Age (mean) | Duration (mean) | LVEF (mean %) | NYHA II and III (%) | Intervention | Outcomes reported |
Varma et al (USA)16 | 1339 | 64 | 12 | 29 | 87 | RM at 6, 9 and 12 months with office visit at 3 and 15 months versus standard of care | In-hospital evaluations of device, mortality and adverse events |
Adamson et al (USA)8 | 400 | 55 | 12 | 23 | 100 | RM with implantable haemodynamic monitor with weekly assessment versus standard of care | HF hospitalisations, emergency department visits, urgent clinic visits |
Guédon-Moreau et al (France)17 | 473 | 62 | 24 | 35 | 65 | RM with review triggered by RM, patient or physician versus standard of care | Mortality, major adverse event including hospitalisation, required intervention, inappropriate ICD therapy, device infection and device failure |
Landolina et al (Italy)13 | 200 | 68 | 16 | 30 | 88 | RM with daily assessment of alerts with 4 monthly office or phone review versus standard of care to reduce unscheduled presentations | Presentation for HF, arrhythmia or device-related events, and healthcare use |
Zanaboni et al (Norway)18 | 200 | 68 | 16 | 30 | 88 | RM to reduce unscheduled presentations and economic analysis | Economic analysis of Landolina et al (Italy)13 |
Hindricks et al (Germany)12 | 664 | 65 | 12 | 26 | 100 | RM and centralised assessment of multiple parameters with clinical action at investigator’s discretion versus standard of care | Mortality, HF admission, worsening functional class and quality of life |
Lüthje et al (Germany)14 | 176 | 66 | 15 | 32 | 86 | RM with novel parameters (optivol) and alert management protocol with triggered phone review versus standard of care | Mortality, HF hospitalisation, tachyarrhythmia and device therapy |
Böhm et al (Germany)9 | 1002 | 66 | 22.8 | 27 | 100 | RM clinical alert triggering review, otherwise 6 monthly office/phone review versus standard of care | Mortality, cardiovascular hospitalisation, death from cardiovascular cause and any cause for hospitalisation |
Boriani et al (Italy)10 | 865 | 66 | 24 | 27 | 100* | RM with alternating 4 monthly reviews in office or with monitoring only versus standard of care | Mortality, cardiovascular or device hospitalisation and economic assessment, |
Morgan et al (UK)15 | 1650 | 70 | 34 | 30 | 100 | RM with weekly data assessment with predefined active follow-up versus standard of care | Mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cardiovascular hospitalisation |
Hansen et al (Germany)11 | 210 | 64 | 12 | 28 | 90 | Automated telemetry only with 3 monthly reviews versus telephone or telephone and physical clinic | Quality of life, all-cause mortality, HF hospitalisations, arrhythmias, unscheduled follow ups, appropriate or inappropriate device therapy |
HF, heart failure; ICD, implantable cardiac defibrillator; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RM, remote monitoring.