Sociodemographic characteristics stratified by report of current cardiac-related PASC symptoms (N=442)
| Characteristics, M(±SD)/n(%) | Total (N=442) | Cardiac PASC symptoms | P value | |
| No (N=252) | Yes (N=190) | |||
| Age, years | 45.4 (16.2) | 43.2 (16.0) | 48.2 (16.1) | 0.002 |
| Female* | 311 (70.8) | 171 (68.1) | 140 (73.7) | 0.116 |
| Underlying CV risk factors and CVD† | 129 (29.2) | 56 (22.2) | 73 (38.4) | <0.001 |
| Pre-existing conditions‡ | 203 (45.9) | 95 (37.7) | 108 (56.8) | <0.001 |
| Months since COVID-19 infection§ | 12.0 (5.3) | 11.3 (5.3) | 12.8 (5.3) | 0.005 |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.255 | |||
| White | 322 (72.9) | 190 (75.4) | 132 (69.5) | |
| Black/African American | 55 (12.6) | 27 (10.7) | 28 (14.7) | |
| Asian | 33 (7.5) | 21 (8.3) | 12 (6.3) | |
| Other | 16 (3.6) | 8 (3.2) | 8 (4.2) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity¶ | 31 (7.1) | 12 (4.8) | 19 (10.0) | 0.154 |
| Educational status | 0.331 | |||
| High school diploma/≤GED | 27 (6.1) | 11 (4.4) | 16 (8.4) | |
| Some college | 100 (22.7) | 57 (22.7) | 43 (22.6) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 152 (34.5) | 91 (36.3) | 61 (32.1) | |
| Graduate degree | 162 (36.7) | 92 (36.7) | 70 (36.8) | |
| Household Income | 0.535 | |||
| ≤US$39 999 | 64 (14.7) | 31 (12.5) | 33 (17.5) | |
| US$40 000 – US$69 999 | 68 (15.6) | 37 (14.9) | 31 (16.4) | |
| US$70 000 – US$99 999 | 77 (17.6) | 43 (17.3) | 34 (18.0) | |
| ≥US$100 000 | 183 (41.9) | 111 (44.8) | 72 (38.1) | |
| Employed** | 307 (69.6) | 190 (76.3) | 117 (62.6) | 0.002 |
| COVID-19 hospitalisation | ||||
| Hospitalised | 51 (11.5) | 15 (6.0) | 36 (19.0) | 0.001 |
| Days on admission, median (range) | 5 (1–117) | 4 (1–42) | 6 (1–117) | 0.492 |
| COVID-19 vaccination | ||||
| At least one dose | 400 (90.5) | 232 (92.1) | 168 (88.4) | 0.164 |
| Two doses | 372 (84.2) | 218 (86.5) | 154 (81.1) | 0.120 |
| Booster dose | 230 (57.6) | 138 (59.5) | 92 (55.1) | 0.453 |
| Vaccine prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection†† | 324 (73.3) | 179 (71.0) | 145 (76.3) | 0.214 |
| Healthcare workers‡‡ | 146 (33.3) | 81 (32.7) | 65 (34.2) | 0.733 |
Bold: statistically significant at <0.05.
P values were estimated using t-tests for differences in means and χ2 test statistics for differences in proportions.
*Male.
†CV risk factors included hypertension and dyslipidemia; CVD included coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic ischaemic heart diseases, myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease, etc.
‡Pre-existing conditions prior to COVID-19 infection (cardiovascular diseases, asthma, cancer, kidney disease, irritable bowel syndrome, etc).
§Median (IQR) months since infection was 12.4 (10.0–15.2) months.
¶Non-Hispanic.
**Not employed.
††Received first dose of COVID-19 vaccine before report of positive SARS-CoV-2 infection.
‡‡Non-healthcare worker.
BMI, body mass index; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; GED, general education development qualification; M(±SD)/n(%), mean (±SD)/frequency (per cent); PASC, postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.