Differences in echocardiographic findings and levels of cytokines in different biological valves
| Variables Median (max–min) | Biological prosthesis INC | Imported biological prosthesis | P value |
| n=9 | n=3 | ||
| Echocardiographic findings | |||
| LVEF (%) | 60 (24–65) | 54 (49–61) | 0.25 |
| LV mass (gr/m2/BSA) | 91.12±13* | 90.5±35** | 0.96† |
| Peak velocity (m/s) | 3 (2.2–3.7) | 2.8 (1.3–3.0) | 0.30 |
| Mean gradient (mm Hg) | 25 (10–44) | 21 (12–72) | 0.85 |
| EOA (cm2) | 1.4 (0.4–2.1) | 1.4 (0.7–1.7) | 0.78 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 18 (16–20) | 18 (15–19) | 0.62 |
| PSAP (mm Hg) | 41 (22–67) | 29 (23–37) | 0.11 |
| Cytokine levels | |||
| Endothelin 1 (pg/mL) | 0.90 (0.08–6.5) | 3.0 (0.15–13.6) | 0.10 |
| IL-1ß (pg/cm3) | 3 (3–649.9) | 3 (3–3) | 0.39 |
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | 30 (30–30) | 30 (30–30) | NS |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | NS |
| RANK (pg/mL) | 50 (50–1288.9) | 50 (50–50) | 0.39 |
| RANK-L (pg/mL) | 50 (50–50) | 50 (50–50) | NS |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 15 (15–388.7) | 15 (15–15) | 0.56 |
| Osteopontin (pg/mL) | 3358.9±1254.8* | 3737±1749.6* | 0.68† |
| Osteoprogesterin (pg/mL) | 2011.6±902.1* | 2296.5±857.8* | 0.64† |
*Mean(±SD), Mann-Whitney U test.
†Student’s t-test.
BSA, body surface area; EOA, effective orifice area; IL, interleukin; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NCI, National Institute of Cardiology; NS, not significant; PSAP, pulmonary systolic artery pressure; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa B; RANK-L, receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa B ligand; Statistical test, †Student’s t-test.; Statistical test, Mann–-Whitney U test.; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha.