Cytokine() levels and echocardiographic findings in patients with prosthetic valve dysfunction
| Variables Median (max–min) | Biological prosthesis | P value | Mechanical prosthesis | P value | ||
| With dysfunction (n=12) | Without dysfunction (n=41) | With dysfunction (n=6) | Without dysfunction (n=21) | |||
| Echocardiographic findings | ||||||
| LVEF (%) | 60 (24–65) | 60 (50–68) | NS | 60 (52–65) | 58 (30–68) | 0.61* |
| LV mass (gr/m2/BSA) | 90.9±18.6† | 86.8±27† | 0.62 | 108.9±20.7† | 92.2±23.7† | 0.13‡ |
| Peak Vel (m/s) | 2.9 (1.3–3.7) | 2.4 (1–3.5) | 0.03 | 3.5 (2.2–3.8) | 2.4 (1–4.2) | 0.00 |
| Mean gradient (mm Hg) | 24.5 (10–72) | 14 (7–42) | 0.00 | 32.5 (18–35) | 15 (7–49) | 0.00 |
| EOA (cm2) | 1.4 (0.4–2.1) | 1.6 (1.0–2.2) | 0.02 | 1 (0.5–2.6) | 1.8 (1.3–2.1) | 0.04 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 18 (15–20) | 18 (12–24) | NS | 21 (17–22) | 19 (14–22) | 0.04 |
| PSAP (mm Hg) | 38.5 (22–67) | 32 (21–65) | 0.17 | 35 (23–47) | 31 (18–52) | 0.52 |
| Cytokine levels | ||||||
| Endothelin 1 (pg/ml) | 0.46 (0.08–13.6) | 0.60 (0.08–11.4) | 0.87 | 3.1 (0.1–4.3) | 0.18 (0.08–11.3) | 0.09 |
| IL-1ß (pg/cm3) | 3 (3–649.9) | 3 (3–75.7) | 0.056 | 3 (3–513.9) | 3 (3–1282.8) | 0.92 |
| IL-4 (pg/mL) | 30 (30–30) | 30 (30–30) | NS | 30 (30–143.1) | 30 (30–250.4) | 0.70 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | NS | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–56.5) | 0.59 |
| Osteopontin (pg/mL) | 3453.4±1315.1† | 3401.7±1392.4† | 0.90 | 4083±974.1† | 4003.3±1097.9† | 0.87‡ |
| Osteoprogesterin (pg/mL) | 2082.8±861.5† | 2067.6±874† | 0.95 | 1768±616.8† | 1545.1±654.7† | 0.46‡ |
| RANK (pg/mL) | 50 (50–1288.9) | 50 (50-50) | 0.00 | 50 (50–840.1) | 50 (50–1990.6) | 0.63 |
| RANK-L (pg/mL) | 50 (50–50) | 50 (50–50) | NS | 50 (50–50) | 50 (50–50) | NS |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 15 (15–388.7) | 15 (11.3–305.53) | 0.95 | 15 (15–461.9) | 15 (15–527.1) | 0.85 |
*Mann-Whitney U test.
†mean(±SD).
‡Student’s t-test.
BSA, body surface area; EOA, effective orifice area; IL, interleukin; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PSAP, pulmonary systolic artery pressure; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa B; RANK-L, receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa B ligand; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TAPSE, Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha.