Variables Median (max–min) | Bioprosthetic valve dysfunction (n=12) | Mechanical valve dysfunction (n=6) | P value |
Echocardiographic findings | |||
LVEF (%) | 60 (24–65) | 60 (52–65) | 0.96† |
LV mass (gr/m2/BSA) | 90.9±18.6* | 108.9±20.7* | 0.08‡ |
Peak Vel (m/s) | 2.9 (1.3–3.7) | 3.5 (2.2–3.8) | 0.054 |
Mean gradient (mm Hg) | 24.5 (10–72) | 32.5 (18–35) | 0.32 |
EOA (cm2) | 1.4 (0.4–2.1) | 1 (0.5–2.6) | 0.81 |
TAPSE (mm) | 18 (15–20) | 21 (17–22) | 0.02 |
PSAP (mm Hg) | 38.5 (22–67) | 35 (23–47) | 0.74 |
Cytokine levels | |||
Endothelin 1 (pg/mL) | 0.46 (0.08–13.6) | 3.1 (0.1–4.3) | 0.15 |
IL-1ß (pg/cm3) | 3 (3–649.9) | 3 (3–513.9) | NS |
IL-4 (pg/mL) | 30 (30–30) | 30 (30–143.1) | 0.15 |
IL-6 (pg/ml) | 10 (10–10) | 10 (10–10) | NS |
Osteopontin (pg/mL) | 3453.4 ± 1315.1* | 4083 ± 974.1* | 0.31* |
Osteoprogesterin (pg/mL) | 2082.8 ± 861.5* | 1768 ± 616.8* | 0.43 |
RANK (pg/mL) | 50 (50–1288.9) | 50 (50–840.1) | NS |
RANK-L (pg/mL) | 50 (50–50) | 50 (50–50) | NS |
TNFα (pg/mL) | 15 (15–388.7) | 15 (15–461.9) | 0.54 |
*Mean(±SD)
†Mann-Whitney U test.
‡Student’s t-test.
BSA, body surface area; EOA, effective orifice area; IL, interleukin; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NS, not significant; PSAP, pulmonary systolic artery pressure; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa B; RANK-L, receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa B ligand; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha.