Table 5

Cytokine levels and echocardiographic findings in patients with prosthetic valve dysfunction

Variables
Median (max–min)
Bioprosthetic valve dysfunction
(n=12)
Mechanical valve dysfunction
(n=6)
P value
Echocardiographic findings
 LVEF (%)60 (24–65)60 (52–65)0.96†
 LV mass (gr/m2/BSA)90.9±18.6*108.9±20.7*0.08‡
 Peak Vel (m/s)2.9 (1.3–3.7)3.5 (2.2–3.8)0.054
 Mean gradient (mm Hg)24.5 (10–72)32.5 (18–35)0.32
 EOA (cm2)1.4 (0.4–2.1)1 (0.5–2.6)0.81
 TAPSE (mm)18 (15–20)21 (17–22)0.02
 PSAP (mm Hg)38.5 (22–67)35 (23–47)0.74
Cytokine levels
 Endothelin 1 (pg/mL)0.46 (0.08–13.6)3.1 (0.1–4.3)0.15
 IL-1ß (pg/cm3)3 (3–649.9)3 (3–513.9)NS
 IL-4 (pg/mL)30 (30–30)30 (30–143.1)0.15
 IL-6 (pg/ml)10 (10–10)10 (10–10)NS
 Osteopontin (pg/mL)3453.4 ± 1315.1*4083 ± 974.1*0.31*
 Osteoprogesterin (pg/mL)2082.8 ± 861.5*1768 ± 616.8*0.43
 RANK (pg/mL)50 (50–1288.9)50 (50–840.1)NS
 RANK-L (pg/mL)50 (50–50)50 (50–50)NS
 TNFα (pg/mL)15 (15–388.7)15 (15–461.9)0.54
  • *Mean(±SD)

  • †Mann-Whitney U test.

  • ‡Student’s t-test.

  • BSA, body surface area; EOA, effective orifice area; IL, interleukin; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NS, not significant; PSAP, pulmonary systolic artery pressure; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa B; RANK-L, receptor activator of nuclear-factor kappa B ligand; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha.