Study population characteristics
| Cases (n=35 195) | Controls (n=351 950) | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 72 (62–81) | 72 (62–81) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 23 519 (66.82) | 235 190 (66.82) |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||
| Ischaemic heart disease* | 9316 (26.47) | 41 992 (11.93) |
| Heart failure | 7136 (20.28) | 17 285 (4.91) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 6102 (17.34) | 26 850 (7.63) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5330 (15.14) | 27 095 (7.70) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 4910 (13.95) | 30 224 (8.59) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 3914 (11.12) | 15 798 (4.49) |
| Concomitant pharmacotherapy, n (%) | ||
| Beta blockers | 8569 (24.35) | 52 878 (15.02) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 6978 (19.83) | 55 877 (15.88) |
| Antithrombotics | 16 075 (45.67) | 102 020 (28.99) |
| Diuretics | 17 516 (49.77) | 107 869 (30.65) |
| Renin–angiotensin system inhibitors | 13 105 (37.24) | 89 481 (25.42) |
| Nitrates | 3962 (11.26) | 14 416 (4.10) |
| Antiarrhythmic drugs class 1 or 3 | 675 (1.92) | 1887 (0.54) |
| QT-prolonging drugs | 5857 (16.64) | 28 932 (8.22) |
Numbers are number (%) unless indicated otherwise.
*Including acute myocardial infarction.