Baseline demographics, comorbidities, cause of HF, precipitants of HF admission and specialty of admission according to HF type
| HFrEF (n=193) | HFpEF (n=247) | Non-classified HF (n=224) | Total (n=664) | P value | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 77 (66–84) | 79 (71–85) | 82 (75–88.5) | 80 (71–86) | <0.001 |
| Female, number (%) | 65 (34) | 128 (52) | 118 (53) | 311 (47) | <0.001* |
| Indigenous, number (%) | 9 (5) | 10 (4) | 3 (1) | 22 (3) | 0.12 |
| Rural, number (%) | 94 (49) | 98 (40) | 76 (34) | 268 (40) | 0.009 |
| Length of stay in days, (IQR) | 6 (3–10) | 6 (3–11) | 4 (2–8) | 5 (3–10) | <0.001 |
| Precipitant for admission, number (%) | |||||
| Adherence | 11 (6) | 11 (4) | 17 (8) | 39 (6) | 0.34 |
| Arrhythmia | 39 (20) | 44 (19) | 42 (19) | 125 (19) | 0.81 |
| Ischaemia | 52 (27) | 46 (19) | 24 (11) | 122 (18) | <0.001* |
| Infection | 44 (23) | 69 (28) | 75 (33) | 188 (28) | 0.053 |
| Other/unknown | 68 (35) | 93 (38) | 81 (36) | 242 (36) | 0.86 |
| Cause of HF, number (%) | |||||
| IHD | 109 (56) | 106 (43) | 105 (47) | 320 (48) | 0.016* |
| Cardiomyopathy | 32 (17) | 16 (6) | 16 (7) | 64 (10) | 0.001* |
| VHD | 28 (15) | 47 (19) | 32 (14) | 107 (16) | 0.29 |
| Comorbidities, number (%) | |||||
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 84 (44) | 113 (46) | 102 (47) | 299 (45) | 0.86 |
| Stroke | 23 (12) | 39 (16) | 42 (19) | 104 (16) | 0.148 |
| CPD | 55 (29) | 81 (33) | 68 (31) | 204 (31) | 0.608 |
| CKD | 57 (30) | 103 (42) | 68 (31) | 228 (35) | 0.009* |
| Diabetes mellitus | 62 (32) | 73 (30) | 59 (27) | 194 (29) | 0.47 |
| Hypertension | 105 (55) | 179 (72) | 138 (62) | 422 (64) | 0.001* |
| IHD | 112 (58) | 111 (45) | 107 (48) | 330 (50) | 0.02* |
*Comparison between HFpEF and HFrEF is significant at p value <0.05 level.
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CPD, chronic pulmonary disease; HF, heart failure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; VHD, valvular heart disease.