Discharge medication, specialty of admission, pathology result and outcomes according to HF type
| HFrEF (n=193) | HFpEF (n=247) | Non-classified HF (n=224) | Total (664) | P value* | |
| Discharge medication, number (%) | |||||
| ACEi/ARB | 118 (61) | 133 (55) | 110 (50) | 361 (55) | 0.07 |
| β-blockers | 142 (74) | 145 (61) | 123 (56) | 410 (63) | 0.001† |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 74 (39) | 64 (27) | 39 (18) | 177 (27) | <0.001† |
| Anticoagulant | 68 (36) | 77 (32) | 60 (28) | 205 (32) | 0.22 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 116 (60) | 124 (50) | 95 (42) | 335 (50) | 0.002† |
| Calcium channel blocker | 24 (13) | 38 (16) | 24 (11) | 86 (13) | 0.26 |
| Digoxin | 30 (16) | 32 (14) | 40 (18) | 102 (16) | 0.41 |
| Loop diuretics | 148 (78) | 170 (69) | 147 (66) | 465 (70) | 0.043 |
| Thiazide diuretics | 6 (3) | 23 (9) | 10 (4) | 39 (6) | 0.013† |
| Nitrate | 23 (12) | 23 (10) | 16 (7) | 62 (10) | 0.28 |
| Statins | 101 (52) | 133 (55) | 85 (39) | 319 (49) | 0.001 |
| Cardiac rehab | 57 (30) | 62 (25) | 22 (10) | 141 (21) | <0.001 |
| Specialty, number (%) | |||||
| Cardiology | 98 (51) | 94 (38) | 57 (25) | 249 (38) | |
| OMUs | 95 (49) | 153 (62) | 167 (75) | 415 (62) | <0.001† |
| Pathology | |||||
| Peak troponin in µg/L, median (IQR) | 67 (25–1384) | 41 (15–223) | 41 (18–157) | 49 (20–245) | 0.008† |
| Haemoglobin in g/L, mean (SD) | 126 (20) | 120 (21) | 122 (21) | 122 (21) | 0.024† |
| White blood cell ×109/L, median (IQR) | 9 (7–13) | 9 (7–12) | 9.6 (8–13) | 9 (7–12) | 0.008 |
| Platelet ×109/L, median (IQR) | 210 (160–266) | 223 (173–289) | 213 (169–272) | 215 (169–278) | 0.21 |
| Albumin in g/L, mean (SD) | 37 (4) | 37 (4) | 36 (5) | 36 (4) | 0.3 |
| GFR in mL/min/1.73m2, median (IQR) | 63 (42–78) | 53 (35–71) | 56 (35–75) | 56 (37–75) | 0.008† |
| Outcomes, number (%) | |||||
| 30-day death | 19 (10) | 14 (6) | 50 (22) | 83 (12.5) | <0.001 |
| 1-year death | 56 (29) | 57 (23) | 84 (38) | 197 (30) | 0.003 |
| 1-year all-cause readmission or mortality | 127 (66) | 164 (66) | 155 (69) | 446 (67) | 0.72 |
| 30-day all-cause readmission | 29 (15) | 50 (20) | 30 (13) | 109 (16) | 0.11 |
| 1-year all cause readmission | 98 (51) | 145 (59) | 94 (42) | 337 (51) | 0.001 |
| CV readmission | 47 (47) | 53 (36) | 27 (29) | 127 (38) | 0.028 |
| Second all-cause readmission | 49 (25) | 84 (34) | 48 (21) | 181 (27) | 0.007 |
| 5-year all-cause death | 117 (61) | 151 (61) | 161 (72) | 439 (65) | 0.02 |
| 5-year all-cause readmission | 144 (75) | 206 (83) | 147 (66) | 497 (75) | <0.001† |
| 5-year HF readmission | 79 (41) | 118 (48) | 70 (31) | 267 (40) | 0.001 |
*P value represents the comparison between the three heart failure groups.
†Comparison between HFpEF and HFrEF is significant at p value <0.05 level
ACEi/ARB, ACE inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blockers; CV, cardiovascular; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; OMUs, other medical units.