Univariate and multivariate predictors of long-term all-cause mortality
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis* | ||||
| HR | 95% CI | P value | HR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age | 1.04 | 1.03 to 1.06 | <0.001 | 1.05 | 1.03 to 1.06 | <0.001 |
| Female | 1.04 | 0.8 to 1.3 | 0.83 | – | – | – |
| Indigenous | 1.1 | 0.6 to 1.9 | 0.7 | – | – | – |
| Rural | 0.9 | 0.8 to 1.3 | 0.9 | – | – | – |
| Precipitant of admission | ||||||
| Adherence | 0.9 | 0.5 to 1.6 | 0.76 | – | – | – |
| Arrhythmia | 0.6 | 0.4 to 0.8 | 0.002 | 0.8 | 0.6 to 1.3 | 0.4 |
| Ischaemia | 1.06 | 0.8 to 1.4 | 0.68 | – | – | – |
| Infection | 1.3 | 0.9 to 1.6 | 0.07 | – | – | – |
| Cause of HF | ||||||
| IHD | 1.3 | 1.03 to 1.6 | 0.025 | 1.4 | 0.7 to 2.6 | 0.3 |
| Cardiomyopathy | 0.5 | 0.3 to 0.7 | 0.002 | 0.6 | 0.3 to 1.1 | 0.08 |
| VHD | 1.4 | 1.03 to 1.8 | 0.032 | 1.1 | 0.7 to 1.7 | 0.6 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 1.06 | 0.8 to 1.3 | 0.64 | – | – | – |
| Stroke | 1.2 | 0.9 to 1.7 | 0.22 | – | – | – |
| CPD | 1.3 | 0.9 to 1.6 | 0.055 | – | – | – |
| CKD | 1.7 | 1.3 to 2.1 | <0.001 | 1.3 | 0.9 to 1.8 | 0.1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.01 | 0.8 to 1.3 | 0.97 | – | – | – |
| Hypertension | 0.9 | 0.8 to 1.3 | 0.94 | – | – | – |
| IHD | 1.3 | 1.0 to 1.6 | 0.05 | 0.9 | 0.8 to 1.5 | 0.9 |
| Specialty | ||||||
| OMUs | 1.6 | 1.3 to 2.1 | <0.001 | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.5 | 0.5 |
| HF type (compared with HFrEF) | ||||||
| HFpEF (EF≥50) | 1.03 | 0.8 to 1.3 | 0.83 | – | – | – |
| Medication | ||||||
| ACEis/ARB | 0.7 | 0.6 to 0.8 | 0.006 | 0.7 | 0.5 to 0.9 | 0.027 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | 0.65 | 0.5 to 0.84 | 0.001 | 1.2 | 0.8 to 1.7 | 0.3 |
| β-Blockers | 0.6 | 0.5 to 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.8 | 0.6 to 1.1 | 0.2 |
| Anticoagulant | 0.8 | 0.6 to 1.01 | 0.06 | – | – | – |
| Antiplatelets | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.3 | 0.99 | – | – | – |
| Calcium channel blocker | 0.9 | 0.7 to 1.4 | 0.95 | – | – | – |
| Digoxin | 1.0 | 0.7 to 1.4 | 0.96 | – | – | – |
| Loop diuretics | 1.0 | 0.8 to 1.3 | 0.99 | – | – | – |
| Thiazide | 0.8 | 0.5 to 1.2 | 0.29 | – | – | – |
| Nitrate | 1.7 | 1.2 to 2.4 | 0.003 | 1.3 | 0.9 to 2.0 | 0.2 |
| Statins | 0.8 | 0.7 to 1.1 | 0.15 | – | – | – |
| Cardiac rehab | 0.7 | 0.5 to 0.9 | 0.002 | 0.9 | 0.6 to 1.3 | 0.2 |
| Pathology | ||||||
| Peak troponin | 0.98 | 0.97 to 0.99 | 0.04 | 0.99 | 0.98 to 1.0 | 0.1 |
| Haemoglobin | 0.98 | 0.97 to 0.99 | <0.001 | 0.9 | 0.98 to 1.01 | 0.4 |
| White blood cell | 1.0 | 0.9 to 1.1 | 0.47 | – | – | – |
| Platelet count | 0.99 | 0.98 to 1.01 | 0.74 | – | – | – |
| Albumin | 0.93 | 0.9 to 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.94 | 0.92 to 0.98 | 0.005 |
| Creatinine at admission | 1.001 | 1.001 to 1.002 | <0.001 | 1.002 | 1.001 to 1.003 | 0.01 |
*Model included variables with P value of less than 0.05.
ACEis/ARB, ACE inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CPD, chronic pulmonary disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; IHD, ischaemic heart disease; OMUs, other medical units; VHD, valvular heart disease.