Descriptive statistics
| Primary cohort (n=1130) Mean±SD or n (%) | Validation cohort (n=540) Mean±SD or n (%) | Significance* | |
| Age | 76.7±11.0 | 69.5±13.2 | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 453/1130 (40.1) | 230/540 (43.6) | NS (0.17) |
| White race | 1041/1130 (92.1) | – | – |
| Aortic valve area (cm2) | 1.04±0.27 | 0.96±0.27 | <0.001 |
| Mean gradient (mm Hg) | 29.5±13.7 | 29.5±15.9 | NS (0.17) |
| Peak gradient (mm Hg) | 51.8±22.0 | 49.9±24.9 | <0.001 |
| Transvalvular flow rate (mL/s) | 243.5±52.1 | 226.4±54.6 | <0.001 |
| Energy loss | 19.4±10.6 | 20.4±12.6 | <0.001 |
| Posterior wall thickness (mm) | 11.3±1.9 | 10.8±2.0 | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 65.3±12.1 | 62.3±12.4 | 0.02 |
| Myocardial infarction | 235/1130 (20.8) | 164/540 (30.3) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 447/1130 (39.6) | – | – |
| Regional wall motion abnormality | 133/1130 (11.8) | – | – |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1011/1130 (89.5) | 320/540 (59.3) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 296/1130 (26.2) | 96/540 (17.8) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 358/1130 (31.7) | 121/540 (22.4) | 0.002 |
| Mortality rate | 395/1130 (35.0) | 252/540 (51.3) | <0.001 |
| AVR rate | 354/1130 (31.3) | 344/540 (63.7) | <0.001 |
| LGAS mortality rate | 162/383 (42.3) | 196/316 (62.0) | <0.001 |
| LGAS AVR rate | 126/383 (32.9) | 189/316 (59.8) | <0.001 |
| Mortality rate in the absence of intervention (AVR) | 340/776 (43.8) | 138/196 (70.4) | <0.001 |
*Using Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test, two-sided significance.
AVR, aortic valve replacement; LGAS, low-gradient aortic stenosis; NS, not significant.