Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
Aortic valve | |||
HGF tertile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
HGF tertile 2 | 4 (−3, 12) | 2 (−5, 10) | 0 (−7, 8) |
HGF tertile 3 | 28 (18, 40)* | 22 (12, 34)* | 18 (8, 30)* |
Mitral annulus | |||
HGF tertile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
HGF tertile 2 | 4 (−2, 11) | 2 (−5, 9) | 1 (−6, 7) |
HGF tertile 3 | 32 (22, 44)* | 26 (16, 37)* | 22 (12, 33)* |
Ascending thoracic aorta | |||
HGF tertile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
HGF tertile 2 | 2 (−2, 6) | 1 (−3, 5) | 0 (−4, 4) |
HGF tertile 3 | 9 (4, 15)* | 7 (1, 12)*** | 5 (0, 11) |
Descending thoracic aorta | |||
HGF tertile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
HGF tertile 2 | 21 (7, 36)** | 16 (3, 31)*** | 9 (−4, 22) |
HGF tertile 3 | 56 (36, 79)* | 40 (21, 61)* | 24 (8, 43)** |
ECC extent at baseline was derived from multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects models with robust variance estimation. Per cent difference was calculated from(Exp (β) −1)*100.
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and field centre.
Model 2: adjusted for model one covariates plus education, physical activity, smoking, pack-years of smoking, BMI and health insurance.
Model 3: adjusted for model two covariates plus total cholesterol, HDL-C, use of lipid-lowering medication, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medication, diabetes and eGFR.
Statistically significant results at: *P <0.001; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.05.
BMI, body mass index; ECC, extra-coronary calcification; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor.