Linear regression coefficients for the association between S-TC and consumption of espresso, by sex and according to complete case or missing indicator method. The Tromsø study 2015–2016
| Cups of coffee per day | N | Complete case β (95% CI) | N | Missing indicator method β (95% CI) |
| Women | ||||
| 0 | 5409 | 0 (reference) | 5479 | 0 (reference) |
| 1–2 | 1193 | 0.01 (–0.06 to 0.07) | 1615 | 0.02 (–0.04 to 0.08) |
| 3–5 | 499 | 0.13 (0.04 to 0.23) | 775 | 0.09 (0.01 to 0.17) |
| ≥6 | 66 | 0.09 (–0.15 to 0.34) | 100 | 0.08 (–0.13 to 0.28) |
| P linear trend | 0.023 | 0.052 | ||
| Men | ||||
| 0 | 4900 | 0 (reference) | 4964 | 0 (reference) |
| 1–2 | 1050 | 0.06 (–0.01 to 0.13) | 1396 | 0.06 (0.00 to 0.13) |
| 3–5 | 623 | 0.16 (0.06 to 0.25) | 942 | 0.16 (0.07 to 0.24) |
| ≥6 | 149 | 0.11 (–0.07 to 0.28) | 246 | 0.14 (0.00 to 0.28) |
| P linear trend | 0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| P interaction* | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Adjusted for age, BMI, daily smoking, physical activity, education, alcohol consumption, diabetes and combined coffee habits.
β, regression coefficient, difference in total cholesterol (mmol/L) compared with the reference group of 0 cups per day.
*Test for interaction between sex and coffee consumption (as an ordinal variable).
BMI, body mass index; S-TC, serum total cholesterol.