Linear regression coefficients for the association between S-TC and consumption of instant coffee, by sex and according to complete case or missing indicator method. The Tromsø Study 2015–2016
| Cups of coffee per day | N | Complete case β (95% CI) | N | Missing indicator method β (95% CI) |
| Women | ||||
| 0 | 5739 | 0 (reference) | 5818 | 0 (reference) |
| 1–2 | 990 | 0.05 (–0.02 to 0.12) | 1404 | 0.04 (–0.2 to 0.10) |
| 3–5 | 362 | 0.12 (0.01 to 0.23) | 611 | 0.10 (0.01 to 0.20) |
| ≥6 | 76 | 0.09 (–0.15 to 0.34) | 123 | 0.04 (–0.15 to 0.22) |
| P linear trend | 0.25 | 0.044 | ||
| Men | ||||
| 0 | 5448 | 0 (reference) | 5516 | 0 (reference) |
| 1–2 | 796 | 0.14 (0.06 to 0.21) | 1076 | 0.12 (0.04 to 0.19) |
| 3–5 | 371 | 0.02 (–0.10 to 0.13) | 562 | 0.08 (–0.02 to 0.18) |
| ≥6 | 107 | 0.10 (–0.10 to 0.31) | 162 | 0.12 (–0.05 to 0.29) |
| P linear trend | 0.031 | 0.006 | ||
| P interaction* | 0.004 | 0.009 |
Adjusted for age, BMI, daily smoking, physical activity, education, alcohol consumption, diabetes and combined coffee habits.
β, regression coefficient, difference in total cholesterol (mmol/L) compared to the reference group of 0 cups per day.
*Test for interaction between sex and coffee consumption (as an ordinal variable).
BMI, body mass index; S-TC, serum total cholesterol.