Table 4

Anatomical predictors of complications

OutcomeCT analysis
Phrenic nerve injury

  1. RSPV-RPCB distance: 10.7±2.1 mm at PNI group, 17.4±3.8 mm at no PNI group (p<0.0001).15

  2. RSPV area: 154±12 mm2 at PNI group, 126±15 mm2 at no PNI group: OR (95% CI) 1.03 (1.01 to 1.04), p<0.001.16

  3. RSPV-LA angle: 154±12° at PNI group, 126±15° at no PNI group: OR (95% CI) 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3), p<0.001.16

  4. RIPV area: 297±95 mm2 at PNI group, 194±52 mm2 at no PNI group: OR (95% CI) 1.02 (1 to 1.03), p=0.001.16

  5. Carina width (7.5±2.1 mm in group 3, 9.8±2.8 mm in group 2 plus group 3, p<0.0001).17

Oesophageal injury

  1. The distance between oesophagus and LIPV ostium was not statistically different in two group (3.5±3.3 mm in injury +group, 8.1±7.0 mm in injury −group, p=0.078).18

  2. Left atrium-aorta distance (+1 SD increase) (OR (95% CI) 0.430 (0.219 to 0.841), p=0.013).19

Pulmonary vein stenosis

  1. A larger PV ostium (OR (95% CI) 1.773 (1.137 to 2.765), p=0.01).20

  2. A larger pulmonary vein ostium preprocedure diameter (OR (95% CI) 1.250 (1.090 to 1.434), p=0.001).21

  3. A larger pulmonary vein ostium preprocedure area (OR (95% CI) 1.006 (1.002 to 1.011), p=0.006).21

Haemoptysis

  1. LMB-LSPV distance (OR (95% CI) 2.676 (1.121 to 4.843), p<0.001).22

  • LMB, left main bronchus; PNI, phrenic nerve injury; PV, pulmonary vein; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein; RPCB, right peri-cardiophrenic bundles; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein.