Outcomes | Time-varying covariate | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR(SD-AF) / HR(CD-AF) (95% CI) | P for difference |
Model 1: unadjusted | |||||
All-cause mortality | Screen-detected AF | 5.66 (2.92 to 10.98) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.26 to 1.06) | 0.070 |
Clinically detected AF | 10.83 (8.23 to 14.26) | <0.001 | |||
Incident heart failure | Screen-detected AF | 12.10 (5.93 to 24.70) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.45 to 2.29) | 0.970 |
Clinically detected AF | 11.92 (7.63 to 18.61) | <0.001 | |||
Vascular events | Screen-detected AF | 3.27 (1.46 to 7.33) | 0.004 | 0.73 (0.29 to 1.83) | 0.505 |
Clinically detected AF | 4.47 (2.84 to 7.05) | <0.001 | |||
Model 2: adjusted for age and sex | |||||
All-cause mortality | Screen-detected AF | 2.24 (1.16 to 4.36) | 0.017 | 0.58 (0.29 to 1.16) | 0.122 |
Clinically detected AF | 3.90 (2.96 to 5.13) | <0.001 | |||
Incident heart failure | Screen-detected AF | 5.16 (2.52 to 10.58) | <0.001 | 1.12 (0.50 to 2.53) | 0.780 |
Clinically detected AF | 4.60 (2.93 to 7.21) | <0.001 | |||
Vascular events | Screen-detected AF | 1.24 (0.55 to 2.79) | 0.598 | 0.64 (0.25 to 1.58) | 0.330 |
Clinically detected AF | 1.96 (1.25 to 3.07) | 0.003 | |||
Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, prevalent heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, and NT-proBNP | |||||
All-cause mortality | Screen-detected AF | 2.21 (1.09 to 4.47) | 0.028 | 0.75 (0.35 to 1.58) | 0.447 |
Clinically detected AF | 2.95 (2.18 to 4.00) | <0.001 | |||
Incident heart failure | Screen-detected AF | 4.90 (2.28 to 10.57) | <0.001 | 1.23 (0.52 to 2.92) | 0.635 |
Clinically detected AF | 3.98 (2.49 to 6.34) | <0.001 | |||
Vascular events | Screen-detected AF | 1.12 (0.46 to 2.71) | 0.802 | 0.58 (0.22 to 1.56) | 0.283 |
Clinically detected AF | 1.92 (1.21 to 3.06) | 0.006 |
P values denote the significance of the time-varying covariates (screen-detected AF or clinically detected AF) in terms of their association with each clinical outcome (all-cause mortality, incident heart failure or vascular events). The P values for difference represent the difference in HRs between screen-detected AF and clinically detected AF.
AF, atrial fibrillation; CD-AF, clinically detected AF; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; SD-AF, screen-detected AF.