Baseline patient characteristics
| Parameter | Total | non-iASD | iASD | P value |
| Patients, N (%) | 48 | 28 (58.3) | 20 (41.7) | |
| Age (years) | 75.3±8.5 | 74.0±8.3 | 77.1±8.5 | 0.21 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.3±4.1 | 26.8±4.0 | 27.9±4.3 | 0.36 |
| Male, N (%) | 23 (47.9) | 12 (42.9) | 11 (55.0) | 0.41 |
| Arterial hypertension, N (%) | 40 (83.3) | 23 (82.1) | 17 (85.0) | 1.00 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, N (%) | 34 (70.8) | 22 (78.6) | 12 (60.0) | 0.16 |
| Diabetes mellitus, N (%) | 15 (31.3) | 10 (35.7) | 5 (25.0) | 0.43 |
| Coronary artery disease, N (%) | 34 (70.8) | 18 (64.3) | 16 (80.0) | 0.34 |
| Pulmonary hypertension, N (%) | 12 (25.0) | 7 (25.0) | 5 (25.0) | 1 |
| COPD, N (%) | 5 (10.4) | 3 (10.7) | 2 (10.0) | 1.00 |
| AF, N (%) | 31 (64.6) | 18 (64.3) | 13 (65.0) | 0.96 |
| LBBB, N (%) | 11 (22.9) | 5 (17.9) | 6 (30.0) | 0.49 |
| CRT-D/P, N (%) | 7 (14.6) | 2 (7.1) | 5 (25.0) | 0.11 |
| FMR, N (%) | 32 (66.7) | 19 (67.9) | 13 (65.0) | 0.84 |
| DCM, N (%) | 8 (16.7) | 5 (17.9) | 3 (15.0) | 1.00 |
| Diastolic dysfunction, N (%) | 12 (25.0) | 9 (32.1) | 3 (15.0) | 0.18 |
| NYHA Class pre Clip | 3.0±0.6 | 2.93±0.5 | 3.2±0.7 | 0.13 |
| NYHA Class IV pre Clip | 10 (20.8) | 3 (30.0) | 7 (70.0) | 0.07 (0.05) |
| Euro SCORE II | 5.9±5.6 | 5.0±4.4 | 7.2±6.9 | 0.19 |
| STS Risk of Mortality Score | 4.2±4.0 | 3.5±3.5 | 5.1±4.4 | 0.17 |
| Troponin-T pre (µg/L) | 27.1±21.0 | 23.5±13.3 | 31.4±27.6 | 0.24 |
| NT-pro-BNP pre (pg/mL) | 3901.9±4077.6 | 3068.7±2877.9 | 4954.4±5110.6 | 0.13 |
| eGFR (mL/min) | 50.7±22.4 | 54.46±23.7 | 45.3±19.8 | 0.16 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 126.1±19.1 | 128.7±19.1 | 122.5±18.8 | 0.28 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 72.4±12.0 | 70.9±12.9 | 74.3±10.6 | 0.34 |
| Loop diuretics, N (%) | 39 (81.3) | 21 (75) | 18 (90) | 0.27 |
| Other diuretics, N (%) | 6 (12.5) | 4 (14.3) | 2 (10.0) | 1.0 |
| MRA, N (%) | 24 (50) | 13 (46.4) | 11 (55.0) | 0.77 |
| ACEI, N (%) | 21 (43.8) | 14 (50) | 7 (35) | 0.38 |
| ARB, N (%) | 14 (29.2) | 7 (25.0) | 7 (25.0) | 0.53 |
| ARNI, N (%) | 10 (20.8) | 6 (21.4) | 4 (20) | 1.0 |
| BB, N (%) | 40 (83.3) | 22 (78.6) | 18 (90) | 0.44 |
Values are mean±SD, or number (%). P values in parentheses refer to one-sided testing.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, AT receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitor; BB, beta-blocker; BMI, body mass index (kg/m2); BP, blood pressure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronisation therapy; DCM, dilatative cardiomyopathy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FMR, functional mitral regurgitation; LBBB, left bundle branch block; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro hormone brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.