Non-calcified aortic valve | Aortic valve sclerosis | Mild AS | P value | Age-adjusted p value | |
(n=155) | (n=104) | (n=111) | |||
Valvular lesions | |||||
AS peak jet velocity (m/s) | 1.43±0.24 | 1.44±0.22 | 2.24±0.31 | – | – |
AR (mild/mild–moderate/moderate %) | 0.524 | 0.86 | |||
Moderate or greater MR (%) | 3.2 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 0.329 | 0.489 |
Moderate or greater TR (%) | 18.7 | 32.7* | 20.7 | 0.025 | 0.254 |
Dimensions | |||||
Interventricular septum (mm) | 12±2 | 12±2 | 12±2 | 0.2 | 0.395 |
Posterior wall thickness (mm) | 11±2 | 11±2 | 11±2 | 0.157 | 0.378 |
LV end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 50±6 | 48±6* | 49±5 | 0.037 | 0.455 |
LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 118±35 | 108±31* | 116±30 | 0.041 | 0.564 |
LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m²) | 56±15 | 53±14 | 57±14 | 0.144 | 0.193 |
Left atrial volume (mL) | 91±31 | 96±30 | 93±27 | 0.433 | 0.386 |
Left atrial volume index (mL/m²) | 43±14 | 47±13* | 46±14 | 0.045 | 0.622 |
Hypertrophy indices | |||||
Relative wall thickness | 0.47±0.11 | 0.47±0.09 | 0.45±0.08 | 0.477 | 0.274 |
LV mass (g) | 226±73 | 200±56** | 217±65 | 0.009 | 0.315 |
LV mass index (g/m2) | 106±32 | 98±25 | 105±26 | 0.068 | 0.081 |
Systolic function | |||||
LV ejection fraction (%) | 61±6 | 62±6 | 63±6* | 0.041 | 0.053 |
Stroke volume (mL) | 88±22 | 83±24 | 95±24* | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Stroke volume index (mL/m²) | 41 (34–48) | 39 (34–47) | 46 (40–52)*** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Cardiac output (L/min) | 6.34±1.55 | 5.93±1.33* | 6.45±1.72 | 0.032 | 0.126 |
Cardiac index (L/min/m²) | 2.92 (2.49–3.40) | 2.80 (2.54–3.26) | 3.18 (2.65–3.53) | 0.038 | 0.067 |
PRSW (erg/cm³·10³) | 91.4±26.2 | 91.6±35.2 | 98.1±27.3 | 0.138 | 0.066 |
Diastolic function | |||||
E-wave velocity (m/s) | 0.99±0.25 | 1.08±0.30** | 1.17±0.30*** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
A-wave velocity (m/s) | 0.6 (0–0.9) | 0 (0–0.7)** | 0.8 (0–1.0)* | <0.001 | 0.041 |
E/A ratio | 1.13 (0.82–1.74) | 1.27 (0.78–2.09) | 1.29 (0.92–1.67) | 0.737 | 0.496 |
Septal e′ velocity (m/s) | 0.06±0.02 | 0.06±0.02 | 0.06±0.02 | 0.1 | 0.172 |
Estimated Tau (ms) | 55.3±12.7 | 56.5±11.9 | 58.6±13.0 | 0.1 | 0.172 |
Septal E/e′ | 15.7 (12.0–20.0) | 17.1 (12.9–23.8) | 20.0 (15.0–25.0)*** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Estimated LVEDP (mm Hg) | 21 (19–24) | 22 (20–26) | 24 (21–27)*** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Lateral e′ velocity (m/s) | 0.08±0.02 | 0.08±0.03 | 0.07±0.03* | 0.032 | 0.025 |
Lateral E/e′ | 12.5 (10.0–15.7) | 13.3 (10.0–17.2) | 15.7 (11.9–21.7)*** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Averaged E/e′ | 13.8 (10.8–16.8) | 15.0 (10.9–20.0) | 18.0 (12.7–23.3)*** | <0.001 | <0.001 |
LV afterload | |||||
Systemic vascular resistance (dynes/s/cm−5) | 1061±333 | 1076±294 | 1025±373 | 0.515 | 0.473 |
Ea (mm Hg/mL) | 1.44±0.45 | 1.51±0.45 | 1.35±0.38 | 0.023 | 0.027 |
Total arterial compliance (mL/mm Hg) | 1.32 (1.09–1.88) | 1.27 (1.02–1.55) | 1.34 (1.08–1.67) | 0.227 | 0.83 |
RV size and function | |||||
Moderate or greater RV dilation (%) | 12 | 11 | 11 | 0.961 | 0.577 |
Moderate or greater RV dysfunction (%) | 5 | 6 | 10 | 0.281 | 0.343 |
Tricuspid s′ (m/s) | 0.13±0.03 | 0.12±0.03 | 0.12±0.04 | 0.05 | 0.791 |
Estimated right atrial pressure (mm Hg) | 10 (5–14) | 10 (5–14) | 10 (5–14) | 0.912 | 0.959 |
Right ventricular systolic pressure (mm Hg) | 44±13 | 46±12 | 47±14 | 0.145 | 0.382 |
*P<0.05 for difference with normal aortic valve group. **P<0.01 for difference with normal aortic valve group; ***P<0.001 for difference with normal aortic valve group.
AR, aortic valve regurgitation; AS, aortic valve stenosis; Ea, effective arterial elastance; LV, left ventricular; LVEDP, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; MR, mitral valve regurgitation; PRSW, preload recruitable stroke work; RV, right ventricular; TR, tricuspid valve regurgitation.