Red flag diagnosis* | Patients with ATTR-CM (n=994) | HF comparison cohort (n=993) | P value; share of patients†, median years‡ | ||
n (%) | Years from red flag to index, median (q25, q75) | n (%) | Years from red flag to index, median (q25, q75) | ||
Carpal tunnel syndrome (unilateral and bilateral) | 167 (16.8) | 6.7 (3.7, 10.6) | 32 (3.2) | 6.4 (3.0, 9.7) | 0.023, 0.636 |
Spinal stenosis | 86 (8.7) | 5.3 (2.4, 7.6) | 33 (3.3) | 4.6 (3.1, 8.9) | 0.157, 0.622 |
Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss | 104 (10.5) | 6.4 (3.7, 9.6) | 67 (6.7) | 6.5 (3.2, 10.5) | 0.204, 0.806 |
Atrioventricular and left bundle branch block | 84 (8.5) | 2.5 (0.9, 5.9) | 50 (5.0) | 3.1 (1.1, 6.4) | 0.229, 0.867 |
Atrial fibrillation and flutter | 350 (35.2) | 3.0 (1.0, 6.3) | 320 (32.2) | 3.4 (0.8, 7.8) | 0.207, 0.028 |
Other functional intestinal disorders | 84 (8.5) | 4.2 (1.3, 7.5) | 58 (5.8) | 4.0 (1.5, 8.6) | 0.279, 0.747 |
Other cardiac arrhythmias | 82 (8.2) | 5.6 (2.2, 10.4) | 61 (6.1) | 3.1 (0.5, 6.3) | 0.316, 0.671 |
Other conduction disorders | 33 (3.3) | 3.0 (1.1, 5.7) | 17 (1.7) | 2.0 (0.2, 5.0) | 0.372, 0.081 |
Supraventricular tachycardia | 26 (2.6) | 3.9 (2.2, 7.9) | 11 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.3, 5.6) | 0.387, 0.900 |
Non-rheumatic aortic (valve) stenosis | 39 (3.9) | 3.4 (1.2, 7.9) | 52 (5.2) | 3.4 (0.9, 7.1) | 0.616, 0.436 |
Sick sinus syndrome | 27 (2.7) | 6.7 (4.3, 10.9) | 21 (2.1) | 2.2 (0.3, 4.7) | 0.447, 0.604 |
Other specified cardiac arrhythmias | 11 (1.1) | 3.5 (0.5, 7.3) | 7 (0.7) | 4.7 (2.4, 9.8) | 0.466, 0.927 |
Irritable bowel syndrome | 18 (1.8) | 3.7 (1.5, 7.2) | 15 (1.5) | 6.3 (5.0, 9.0) | 0.473, 0.086 |
Injury of muscle and tendon of other parts of biceps | 0 (0.0) | – | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
Injury of muscle and tendon of long head of biceps | ≤5 | 11.9 (10.3, 13.5) | 0 (0.0) | – | – |
Primary pulmonary hypertension | ≤5 | 0.8 (0.3, 1.8) | – | 5.2 (3.7, 5.9) | –, 0.655 |
Other secondary pulmonary hypertension | ≤5 | 6.0 (5.0, 6.9) | ≤5 | 0.3 (0.2, 1.4) | –, 0.626 |
Acute pericarditis | 8 (0.8) | 0.4 (0.2, 1.5) | ≤5 | 0.2 (0.1, 4.2) | –, 0.791 |
*Red flags are ordered after % point difference between patients with ATTR-CM and patients with HF.
†P value for the difference between share of patients with each red flag in the ATTR-CM cohort and the HF comparison cohort (columns 2 and 4).
‡P value for the difference between median years from red flag to index in the ATTR-CM cohort and the HF comparison cohort (columns 3 and 5).
ATTR-CM, transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy; HF, heart failure.