Total (n=3212) | Both ECG-based and echo-based LVH (n=131) | Only echo-based LVH (n=156) | Only ECG-based LVH (n=409) | No LVH (n=2516) | P value | Total N | |
Clinical characteristics | |||||||
Age, years* | 64.5±15.9 | 68.4±13.7 | 70.6±13.1 | 66.9±14.2 | 63.6±16.3 | <0.001 | 3212 |
>70 years | 1371 (42.7) | 67 (51.1) | 92 (59.0) | 201 (49.1) | 1011 (40.2) | <0.001 | 3212 |
Women* | 1512 (47.0) | 77 (58.8) | 81 (51.9) | 201 (49.1) | 1153 (45.8) | 0.01 | 3212 |
BMI kg/m2 | 23.2±4.2 | 23.6±4.8 | 23.8±5.2 | 23.5±4.5 | 23.1±4.0 | 0.054 | 3202 |
>25 kg/m2* | 915 (28.6) | 42 (32.1) | 58 (37.2) | 135 (33.1) | 680 (27.1) | 0.004 | 3202 |
Diabetes* | 983 (30.6) | 54 (41.2) | 67 (42.9) | 147 (35.9) | 715 (28.4) | <0.001 | 3212 |
Hypertension* | 1771 (55.1) | 115 (87.8) | 119 (76.3) | 257 (62.8) | 1280 (50.9) | <0.001 | 3212 |
Dyslipidaemia* | 941 (29.3) | 58 (44.3) | 60 (38.5) | 138 (33.7) | 685 (27.2) | <0.001 | 3212 |
Ischaemic heart disease* | 979 (30.5) | 63 (48.1) | 64 (41.0) | 125 (30.6) | 727 (28.9) | <0.001 | 3212 |
Chronic kidney disease* | 449 (14.0) | 49 (37.4) | 51 (32.7) | 64 (15.7) | 285 (11.3) | <0.001 | 3212 |
Atrial fibrillation* | 267 (8.3) | 15 (11.5) | 14 (9.0) | 38 (9.3) | 200 (7.9) | 0.43 | 3212 |
ECG characteristics | |||||||
Heart rate, bpm | 71.6±15.6 | 73.8±15.7 | 70.9±16.3 | 72.5±17.9 | 71.4±15.1 | 0.18 | 3212 |
QRS duration | 96.6±9.0 | 104.3±8.3 | 96.8±9.0 | 102.2±8.2 | 95.2±8.6 | <0.001 | 3212 |
Sokolow-Lyon voltage LVH | 472 (14.7) | 57 (43.5) | 48 (30.8) | 114 (27.9) | 253 (10.1) | <0.001 | |
Cornell voltage, mm | 15.8±7.1 | 28.1±8.0 | 15.5±4.7 | 25.6±5.3 | 13.6±5.1 | <0.001 | 3212 |
Cornell voltage LVH | 367 (11.4) | 95 (72.5) | 6 (3.8) | 237 (57.9) | 29 (1.2) | <0.001 | |
Cornell product, mm・ms | 1811.9±744.6 | 3297.9±843.7 | 1793.1±449.5 | 2917.6±516.7 | 1556.0±485.7 | <0.001 | 3212 |
Echo characteristics | |||||||
LVDd, cm | 4.65±0.55 | 5.22±0.63 | 5.23±0.67 | 4.67±0.52 | 4.58±0.50 | <0.001 | 3212 |
LVDs, cm | 3.10±0.50 | 3.70±0.77 | 3.61±0.71 | 3.12±0.49 | 3.04±0.42 | <0.001 | 3212 |
IVSTd, cm | 0.81±0.15 | 1.01±0.18 | 0.99±0.16 | 0.83±0.14 | 0.78±0.13 | <0.001 | 3212 |
LVPWd, cm | 0.79±0.14 | 0.98±0.18 | 0.96±0.15 | 0.82±0.13 | 0.77±0.12 | <0.001 | 3212 |
RWT | 0.34±0.07 | 0.38±0.09 | 0.38±0.09 | 0.36±0.07 | 0.34±0.06 | <0.001 | 3212 |
>0.42 | 370 (11.5) | 39 (29.8) | 38 (24.4) | 62 (15.2) | 231 (9.2) | <0.001 | 3212 |
LVMI, g/m2 | 75.4±21.7 | 122.7±23.6 | 118.7±17.2 | 78.9±15.8 | 69.7±15.7 | <0.001 | 3212 |
LAD, cm | 3.48±0.64 | 3.96±0.62 | 3.98±0.74 | 3.59±0.66 | 3.41±0.61 | <0.001 | 3210 |
LAVI, mL/m2 | 22.2±10.6 | 32.4±13.6 | 32.3±17.2 | 24.0±11.1 | 20.8±9.1 | <0.001 | 2901 |
>34 mL/m2 | 293 (10.1) | 39 (33.3) | 46 (33.8) | 47 (12.9) | 161 (7.1) | <0.001 | 2901 |
EF, % | 61.9±7.0 | 55.7±12.1 | 57.5±10.9 | 61.8±7.7 | 62.5±5.8 | <0.001 | 3212 |
<50 %* | 185 (5.8) | 33 (25.2) | 31 (19.9) | 27 (6.6) | 94 (3.7) | <0.001 | 3212 |
Comparisons among four groups were performed using the χ2 test for categorical variables, and one-way analysis of variance for continuous variables. Values are number (%), mean±SD
ECG criteria for LVH was defined as the Cornell product >2440 mm · ms.
*Potential risk-adjusting variables selected for cox proportional hazard model.
BMI, body mass index; EF, ejection fraction; HR, heart rate; IVSTd, diastolic interventricular septal wall thickness; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVDd, left ventricular diastolic dimension; LVDs, left ventricular systolic dimension; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVPWd, diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness; ; RWT, relative wall thickness.