N | % | ||
All patients | 490 | ||
Demographics | |||
Age | Years (mean±SD) | 80.7±6.2 | |
Age ≥80 years | 319 | 65.1 | |
Sex | Male | 232 | 47.3 |
Smoking | Current smoker | 31 | 6.3 |
Ex-smoker | 198 | 40.4 | |
Alcohol use | Current alcohol user | 241 | 49.2 |
Frailty | |||
GFI* | ≥4 | 170 | 34.7 |
Somatic status | |||
ASA class† | ≥3 | 456 | 93.1 |
CCI‡‡ | ≥3§ | 258 | 52.7 |
Medication use | Number (mean±SD) | 8.4±4.5 | |
Polypharmacy (≥5 medications) | 408 | 83.3 | |
Hyperpolypharmacy (≥10 medications) | 163 | 33.3 | |
Cognitive and psychological status | |||
MMSE¶¶ | (Mean±SD) | 27.5±2.5 | |
MMSE ≤24 | 47 | 9.6 | |
MoCA¶¶ | (Mean±SD) | 26±3.4 | |
MoCA <26 | 8 | 1.6 | |
Impaired cognition | MMSE ≤24 or MoCA <26 | 55 | 11.2 |
GDS* | ≥6 | 17 | 3.5 |
Delirium | In past | 48 | 9.8 |
Social status | |||
Living situation | Dependent | 22 | 4.5 |
Functional status | |||
Dependence in ADL** | KATZ6 ≥1 | 114 | 23.3 |
Dependence in iADL†† | KATZ9 ≥1 | 287 | 60.5 |
Dependence in (i)ADL* | KATZ15 ≥2 | 225 | 45.9 |
(At risk of) malnutrition** | MUST ≥1 | 75 | 15.3 |
Gait speed | <0.8 m/s | 98 | 20 |
Handgrip strength | ≤20 kg female/≤30 kg male | 246 | 50.2 |
Falls | ≥1 in previous 6 months | 93 | 19.1 |
*Score range from 0 to 15.
†Score range from 1 to 5.
‡Score range from 0 to 24.
§Points for age category not included.
¶Score range from 0 to 30.
**Score range from 0 to 6.
††Score range from 0 to 9.
ASA, American Society of Anaesthesiologists; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; GFI, Groningen Frailty Indicator; (i)ADL, (instrumental) activities of daily living; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MUST, Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool.