Both ECG-based and echo-based LVH Number of patients with event/N of patients at risk (cumulative 3-year incidence(%)) | Only echo-based LVH Number of patients with event/N of patients at risk (cumulative 3-year incidence(%)) | Only ECG-based LVH Number of patients with event/N of patients at risk (cumulative 3-year incidence(%)) | No LVH Number of patients with event/N of patients at risk (cumulative 3-year incidence(%)) | Variables | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||||||
Primary endpoint | |||||||||
A composite of all-cause death or MACE | 34/131 (32.0) | 45/156 (33.8) | 65/409 (19.2) | 307/2516 (15.7) | Both ECG- and echo-based LVH | 2.33 (1.70 to 3.19) | <0.001 | 1.63 (1.16 to 2.28) | 0.005 |
Only echo-based LVH | 2.21 (1.64 to 2.97) | <0.001 | 1.68 (1.23 to 2.30) | 0.001 | |||||
Only ECG-based LVH | 1.12 (0.87 to 1.44) | 0.38 | 1.09 (0.85 to 1.41) | 0.49 | |||||
No LVH | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||||
Secondary endpoints | |||||||||
All-cause death | 16/131 (15.8) | 21/156 (15.9) | 36/409 (10.7) | 203/2516 (10.4) | Both ECG-based and echo-based LVH | 1.59 (1.03 to 2.45) | 0.04 | 1.43 (0.90 to 2.27) | 0.13 |
Only echo-based LVH | 1.39 (0.91 to 2.13) | 0.13 | 1.22 (0.78 to 1.89) | 0.39 | |||||
Only ECG-based LVH | 0.93 (0.67 to 1.29) | 0.66 | 0.94 (0.68 to 1.30) | 0.71 | |||||
No LVH | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) | |||||||
MACE | 23/131 (22.5) | 26/156 (21.8) | 38/409 (11.8) | 139/2516 (7.5) | Both ECG-based and echo-based LVH | 3.48 (2.35 to 5.16) | <0.001 | 1.91 (1.25 to 2.91) | 0.003 |
Only echo-based LVH | 2.89 (1.95 to 4.28) | <0.001 | 1.86 (1.23 to 2.81) | 0.003 | |||||
Only ECG-based LVH | 1.45 (1.04 to 2.03) | 0.03 | 1.38 (0.98 to 1.93) | 0.06 | |||||
No LVH | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events.