Table 1

Baseline characteristics, by sex, of individuals selected for study from the GWTG-HF registry at Essentia Health (consecutive inpatients age ≥18 years with HF admitted from July 2017 through June 2019)

CharacteristicOverallFemalesMalesP value
Sample Sizen=703n=312n=391-----
Age (years)74.1±13.376.4±12.872.3±13.4<0.001
Height (m)1.67±0.171.60±0.141.74±0.17<0.001
Weight (kg)88.7±30.181.0±27.195.8±31.1<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)30.9±9.131.3±9.830.6±8.50.54
Race
 African American2.0%1.3%2.6%0.23
 American Indian/AKN4.7%2.2%6.6%0.006
 Asian0.0%0.0%0.0%-----
 Native Hawaiian/PI0.1%0.0%0.3%0.37
 White92.7%95.8%90.3%0.005
 Unknown Race0.4%0.6%0.3%0.44
Insurance (may have multiple insurances)
 Medicaid10.7%12.8%9.0%0.10
 Medicare62.6%66.3%55.6%0.07
 Medicare advantage21.2%23.1%19.7%0.28
 Private/HMO62.3%61.5%62.9%0.71
 None1.1%0.6%1.5%0.27
Admit Source0.24
 Another hospital36.8%37.8%35.8%
 Clinic9.3%9.8%8.8%
 Emergency dept.45.0%44.1%45.9%
 Non-healthcare fac.1.3%0.7%1.9%
 Skilled nursing fac.2.3%4.2%0.6%
 Other health fac.5.3%3.5%6.9%
AHA HF diagnosis
 Primary Dx, no CAD44.4%50.6%39.4%0.006
 Primary Dx, CAD55.5%49.0%60.6%
 Secondary Dx0.1%0.3%0.0%
Prior HF diagnosis71.7%71.2%72.1%0.78
LVEF44.5%±17.0%49.8%±16.3%40.3%±16.4%<0.001
Heart rate (BPM)85.8±19.484.4±18.387.1±20.30.23
Systolic BP (mm Hg)138±28144±29134±260.001
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)79.2±16.280.0±16.478.5±16.10.46
EKG QRS duration (s)117±33110±31123±35<0.001
Anaemia27.7%31.1%25.1%0.08
Atrial fibrillation47.8%44.2%50.6%0.09
Atrial flutter7.4%3.8%10.2%0.001
Coronary artery disease50.1%42.9%55.8%<0.001
COPD/asthma32.3%34.6%30.4%0.24
Depression28.7%33.0%25.3%0.025
Diabetes, insulin-dep.22.8%22.1%23.3%0.72
Diabetes, non-insulin20.5%17.0%23.3%0.040
Dialysis1.3%0.6%1.8%0.18
Hyperlipidaemia69.3%69.6%69.1%0.89
Hypertension84.8%84.3%85.2%0.75
Pacemaker11.2%13.1%9.7%0.15
Peripheral vascular dis.15.2%14.7%15.6%0.75
Prior CABG19.9%14.7%24.0%0.002
Prior MI24.5%19.6%28.4%0.007
Prior PCI30.2%27.2%32.5%0.13
Rales21.8%23.4%20.5%0.35
Renal insufficiency26.3%22.8%29.2%0.06
Sleep-disord. breathing13.2%9.9%15.9%0.021
Smoking history18.2%14.4%21.2%0.020
Stroke18.6%19.2%18.2%0.72
Valvular heart disease25.3%26.6%24.3%0.49
BNP (pg/mL)1468±14391438±15411492±13520.64
Troponin (ng/mL)0.44±2.570.26±1.400.58±3.220.12
Troponin, peak (ng/mL)1.31±11.00.59±3.271.89±14.540.14
  • AKN, Alaskan native; BMI, body mass index; BNP, B type natriuretic peptide; BP, blood pressure; BPM, beats per minute; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GWTG-HF, Get With The Guidelines—Heart Failure; HF, heart failure; IMRS, Intermountain Mortality Risk Score; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention (including balloon angioplasty and coronary stenting); PI, pacific islander.