Table 2

Echocardiographic measurements from the surgical group

VariableN availableMean (95% CI)
Left ventricular dimension, end-diastolic, mm4553 (50 to 56)
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %4656 (53 to 58)
Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, mL38126 (106 to 147)
Indexed left ventricular stroke volume, median (IQR), mL/m2.3428 (22 to 43)
Cardiac index, median (IQR), L/min/m2342.2 (1.8 to 4.2)
Indexed left atrial volume, median (IQR), mL/m238102 (71 to 186)
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, mm4420 (18 to 21)
Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, mm Hg4156 (50 to 62)
Severe mitral stenosis*, n (%)4628 (62)
Very severe mitral stenosis†, n (%)4616 (35)
Mean gradient mitral valve‡, mm Hg2813 (11 to 15)
Mitral valve area§, cm2270.99 (0.87 to 1.12)
Moderate to severe mitral regurgitation, n (%)4628 (61)
PISA mitral regurgitation volume¶, mL1471 (54 to 88)
Wilkins score**3711 (10 to 12)
Moderate to severe aortic stenosis and/or aortic regurgitation, n (%)4614 (30)
Moderate to severe tricuspid stenosis and/or tricuspid regurgitation, n (%)4625 (54)
  • Values are mean (95% CI) if not otherwise specified.

  • *Mitral valve area <1.5 cm2.

  • †Mitral valve area <1.0 cm2.

  • ‡Mean gradient given for patients with severe mitral stenosis.

  • §Mitral valve area given for patients with severe mitral stenosis.

  • ¶Regurgitant volume by PISA, given for patients with mod-severe mitral regurgitation.

  • **Wilkins score given for patients with rheumatic mitral disease.

  • n, numbers; PISA, proximal isovelocity surface area.