Characteristics of patients with symptomatic versus asymptomatic permanent AF
| Symptomatic (n=15) | Asymptomatic (n=15) | |
| Male—n (%) | 8 (53) | 10 (67) |
| Age—years, mean (SD) | 69 (7) | 69 (4) |
| Body mass index—kg/m2 | 32 (7) | 25 (3) |
| Concomitant disease—n (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 10 (67) | 10 (67) |
| Heart failure | 0 | 0 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1 (7) | 0 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 0 | 0 |
| History of stroke or TIA | 0 | 2 (13) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 0 | 0 |
| Obstructive sleep apnoea | 4 (27) | 4 (27) |
| AF history and symptoms | ||
| Duration of AF—years, mean (SD) | 7 (4) | 7 (4) |
| Heart rate at rest—beats/min, mean (SD) | 80 (13) | 71 (12) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc scores, mean (SD) | 1.9 (1.3) | 1.7 (0.9) |
| AF6 sum score inclusion, mean (SD) | 30 (11) | 0 |
| EHRA symptom scale class n (%) | ||
| I | 0 (0) | 15 (100) |
| IIa | 8 (53) | 0 |
| IIb | 5 (33) | 0 |
| III | 2 (13) | 0 |
| IV | 0 | 0 |
| Medications—n (%) | ||
| Oral anticoagulation | 13 (87) | 14 (93) |
| Beta-blockers | 14 (93) | 10 (67) |
| Verapamil or diltiazem | 1 (7) | 0 |
| Digoxin | 1 (7) | 0 |
| ARB or ACE inhibitor | 10 (67) | 8 (53) |
AF6, Atrial Fibrillation 6; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CHA2DS2-VASc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (doubled), diabetes, prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack (doubled), vascular disease, age 65–74, female; EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.