Clinical characteristics and outcomes of study population according to heart failure types
| Total | HFpEF (n=115; 54.5%) | HFrEF (n=96; 45.5%) | P-value | |
| Age, years | 70.4 ± 12.9 | 70.1 ± 13,7 | 70.9 ± 11.9 | 0.661 |
| Male | 119 (56.4%) | 50 (43.5%) | 69 (71.9%) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.8 (24.8, 36.5) | 31.9 (26.0, 39.6) | 27.2 (23.5, 31.7) | <0.001 |
| Substance use | ||||
| Tobacco | 78 (37.0%) | 39 (33.9%) | 39 (40.6%) | 0.111 |
| Alcohol | 31 (14.7%) | 12 (10.4%) | 19 (19.8%) | 0.622 |
| IVDU | 14 (6.6%) | 7 (6.1%) | 7 (7.3%) | 0.084 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| AF | 100 (47.4%) | 49 (42.6%) | 51 (53.1%) | 0.166 |
| Asthma | 24 (11.4%) | 24 (11.4%) | 16 (13.9%) | 0.285 |
| CAD | 122 (57.8%) | 56 (48.7%) | 66 (68.8%) | 0.084 |
| CB | 7 (3.3%) | 4 (3.5%) | 3 (3.1%) | 0.65 |
| CKD (all stages): | 146 (69.2%) | 78 (67.8%) | 68 (70.8%) | 0.977 |
| 1 | 3 (1.4%) | 1 (0.9%) | 2 (2.1%) | |
| 2 | 20 (9.5%) | 11 (9.6%) | 9 (9.4%) | |
| 3 | 73 (34.6%) | 39 (33.9%) | 34 (35.4%) | |
| 4 | 22 (10.4%) | 12 (10.4%) | 10 (10.4%) | |
| 5 | 23 (10.9%) | 13 (11.3%) | 10 (10.4%) | |
| COPD | 76 (36.0%) | 38 (33.0%) | 38 (39.6%) | 0.423 |
| DM | 139 (65.9%) | 80 (69.6%) | 59 (61.5%) | 0.271 |
| HLD | 117 (55.5%) | 68 (59.1%) | 49 (51.0%) | 0.301 |
| HTN | 206 (97.6%) | 112 (97.4%) | 94 (97.9%) | 0.648 |
| OSA | 48 (22.7%) | 28 (24.3%) | 20 (20.8%) | 0.544 |
| PAD | 29 (13.7%) | 11 (9.6%) | 18 (18.8%) | 0.187 |
| Stroke | 60 (28.4%) | 35 (30.4%) | 25 (26.0%) | 0.005 |
| VTE | 28 (13.3%) | 19 (16.5%) | 9 (9.4%) | 0.388 |
| LOS | 8.0 (5.0, 13.0) | 8.0 (4.0, 14.0) | 7.0 (5.0, 12.0) | 0.497 |
| Cardiac arrest (n): | ||||
| 0 | 189 (89.6%) | 104 (90.4%) | 85 (88.5%) | 0.645 |
| 1 | 16 (7.6%) | 7 (6.1%) | 9 (9.4%) | 1 |
| 2 | 5 (2.4%) | 3 (2.6%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0.497 |
| 3 | 1 (0.5%) | 1 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.645 |
| In-hospital death | 43 (20.4%) | 23 (20.0%) | 20 (20.8%) | 1 |
Values are n (%), mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range).
AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CB, chronic bronchitis; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, HF with mid-range ejection fraction; HFpEF, HF with preserved ejection fraction ; HLD, hyperlipidaemia; HTN, hypertension; IVDU, intravenous drug use; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; Stroke, ischemic stroke; VTE, venous thromboembolism including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; yrs, years.