Baseline characteristics
| Variable | Elevated gradient n=26 | No gradient change n=181 | P value | Total |
| Age | 80±14 | 83±6 | 0.047* | 83±8 |
| Height (cm) | 165±10 | 166±10 | 0.835 | 166±10 |
| Weight (kg) | 76±18 | 75±16 | 0.942 | 75±16 |
| Sex (M) | 14 (54) | 94 (52) | 0.855 | 108 (51) |
| Hypertension | 21 (81) | 132 (73) | 0.494 | 156 (74) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 17 (65) | 93 (51) | 0.209 | 112 (53) |
| Diabetes | 21 (81) | 44 (24) | 0.559 | 50 (24) |
| Smoker | 10 (39) | 70 (39) | 0.755 | 82 (39) |
| Coronary disease | 15 (58) | 81 (45) | 0.301 | 99 (47) |
| Previous MI | 5 (19) | 33 (18) | 0.985 | 41 (19) |
| Previous PCI | 4 (15) | 36 (20) | 0.576 | 40 (19) |
| Previous CABG | 5 (19) | 26 (14) | 0.556 | 31 (15) |
| Anticoagulation | 11 (42) | 69 (38) | 0.698 | 80 (38) |
| Antiplatelets | 13 (50) | 86 (48) | 0.832 | 103 (49) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 14 (54) | 68 (38) | 0.067 | 82 (39) |
| PPM preprocedure | 1 (4) | 22 (12) | 0.197 | 24 (11) |
| PVD | 2 (8) | 9 (5) | 0.594 | 11 (5) |
| TIA/Stroke | 4 (16) | 28 (16) | 0.964 | 33 (16) |
| Renal disease eGFR <30 | 10 (39) | 47 (26) | 0.188 | 58 (28) |
| Chronic lung disease | 4 (15) | 51 (28) | 0.163 | 57 (27) |
| NYHA Class | ||||
| I | 2 (8) | 13 (7) | 0.782 | 16 (8) |
| II | 4 (15) | 43 (24) | 48 (23) | |
| III | 13 (50) | 78 (43) | 93 (44) | |
| IV | 2 (8) | 18 (10) | 20 (10) | |
| Ejection fraction | 49±13 | 54±11 | 0.021* | 54±11 |
This table describes the presence of baseline characteristic per group: elevated gradient at follow-up versus no elevated gradient and a p value for comparison of the groups using independent t-test (for continuous) or χ2 tests (for categorical variables). Baseline characteristic of the entire cohort are also summarised in the ‘Total’ column. Data are presented as n (%) or mean±SD.
*P<0.05 (statistical significance)
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; eGFR, estimatedglomerular filtration rate; M, male; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association classification of breathlessness; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPM, permanent pacemaker; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.