Baseline characteristics
| Variables | |
| Age, mean±SD, years | 59.8±8.5 |
| Gender, n (%) | 28/39 (71.8) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 11/39 (28.2) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 30/39 (76.9) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 21/39 (53.8) |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 25/39 (64.1) |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 32/39 (82.1) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 54.7 |
| Medications, n (%) | |
| Beta-blocker | 19/39 (48.7) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 10/39 (25.6) |
| ACEI/ARB | 23/39 (58.9) |
| Antiplatelet | 37/39 (94.9) |
| Nitroglycerin | 6/39 (15.4) |
| Statin therapy | 35/39 (89.7) |
| Diuretic | 6/39 (15.4) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%) | 14/39 (35.9%) |
| RA-CABG | 30/39 (76.9) |
| LITA graft used | 39/39 (100) |
| Number of coronary arteries stenosis, n (%) | |
| Three vessel coronary artery disease/LM | 8/31 (20.5) |
| Two vessel coronary artery disease | 19/31 (48.8) |
| Single-vessel coronary artery disease | 12/31 (30.7) |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blockers; CAD, coronary artery disease; LITA, Left internal thoracic artery ; LITA, Left internal thoracic artery; LM, left main coronary artery; RA-CABG, robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.