Study and participant characteristics
| Author, year | Country | No of participants | Assessment time points | Mean age, years (SD) | Male, % | LVEF, % (SD) | NYHA II-III, % | Physical activity‡ outcome | ||
| Control | Intervention | Postintervention* | Follow-up† | |||||||
| Ajiboye et al,19 2015 | Nigeria | 23 | 28 | 12 weeks | – | 54 (1.6) | 53.7 | – | – | Self-reported physical activity (diary) |
| Bernocchi et al,20 2018 | Italy | 56 | 56 | 4 months | 2 months | 71(9) | 88 | 44.5 (12.4) | 45 | Accelerometer (Average energy activity counts) |
| Boyne et al,21 2014 | Netherlands | 185 | 197 | 1 year | – | 71 (11.9)) | 58 | <40 | 29; 21 | Exercise: Heart Failure Selfcare, Behaviour Scale (Jaarsma, Strömberg, Mårtensson, & Dracup, 2003) |
| Brodie et al,22 2005; 2008 | UK | 32 | 30 (MI and UC);30 (MI) | 8 weeks | – | 79 (6.9)‡ | – | 31.3 (5.9)§ | 28; 58 | Self-reported general physical activity (Booth et al., 1996) |
| Collins et al,23 2004 | UK | 16 | 15 | 24 weeks | – | 62.7 (11.2) | 100 | 31.7 (6.9) | – | Self-reported physical activity (diary) |
| Corvera-Tindel et al,24 2004 | USA | 42 | 37 | 12 weeks | – | 63.8 (10.1) | 99 | 29.1 (8.5) | 80; 20 | Pedometer |
| Cowie et al,25 2013 | UK | 20 | 20 (Home); 20 (Hospital) | 8 weeks | – | 66 (35–85)¶ | 85 | <40 | 62; 38 | Accelerometer (Average energy activity counts) |
| Dalal et al,26 2019 | UK | 92 | 93 | 12 weeks | – | 69.7 (10.9) | 78 | 34.5 (25–39)¶ | 59 | Accelerometer (Average energy activity counts) |
| Freedland et al,27 2015 | USA | 60 | 58 | 6 months | 12 months | 55.8 (11.2)‡ | 53.8 | 38.9 (15.5)‡ | 42.4 | Accelerometer (Average energy activity counts) |
| Jolly et al,36 2009 | UK | 85 | 84 | 24 weeks | 12 months | 65.9 (12.5) | 76 | <40 | 75; 20 | Self-reported physical activity (minutes per week, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, (Godin & Shephard, 1985) |
| Meng et al,38 2013; 2016 | Germany | 227 | 248 | – | 6; 12 months | 61.2 (11.7) | 75 | 31.7 (7.0) | 54.7 | Self-reported physical activity (minutes per week, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, (Godin & Shephard, 1985) |
| O'Connor et al,37 2009 | USA (88.72%) Canada (8.07%) France (3.33%) | 1172 | 1159 | 24 weeks | 12; 30 months | 59.2 (51.2–67.8)¶ | 72 | <35 | 62; 36 | Self-reported physical activity (diary) |
| Pozehl et al,28 2018 | USA | 102 | 102 | 18 months | – | 60.4 (11.5)‡ | 56.0 | 39.4 (12.7)‡ | 91.2 | Self-reported physical activity |
| Smeulders et al,29 2009 | Netherlands | 131 | 186 | 6 weeks | 6;12 months | 66.6 (11.0) | 75.8 | <40 | 64; 36 | Self-reported physical activity |
| Tomita et al,30 2008 | USA | 13 | 19 | 1 year | – | 74.2 (9.7) | 32.5 | – | 75; 25 | Self-reported physical activity |
| van den Berg-Emons et al,31 2004 | Netherlands | 16 | 18 | 12 weeks | – | 58.6 (12.1) | 81 | 23.9 (9.4) | 56; 44 | Accelerometer (Average energy activity counts) |
| Willenheimer et al,32 1998 | Sweden | 27 | 23 | 16 weeks | 6 months | 64 (5) | 70 | 0.35 (0.11) | 50; 36 | Self-reported physical activity (The total physical activity score calculated using the following formula: Time spent on each activity per week intensity*2/100) |
| Witham et al,33 2005 | UK | 41 | 41 | 12 weeks | 6 months | 80 (6) | 63 | – | 61; 39 | Accelerometer (Average energy activity counts) |
| Yeh et al,34 2004 | USA | 50 | 50 | 12 weeks | – | 68.1 (11.9) | 56 | 28.3 (8.0) | 62; 18 | Self-reported physical activity (CHAMPS; Stewart 2001) |
| Young et al,35 2015; 2016 | USA | 49 | 51 | 3 months | 6 months | 68.7 (11.8) | 47.1 | 53.4 (12.9) | 29.4 ;56.9 | Accelerometer (Average energy activity counts) |
| Meta-analysis sample: | N (Control)=2555 | N (Intervention)=3722 | 66 years IQR:(62–70) | Male (69.49 %) IQR:(56–78) | ||||||
Physical activity outcome was defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure (WHO, 2018). Exercise is a subset of physical activity defined as structured physical activity (WHO, 2018). In the context of HF, exercise is also defined as self-care behaviour (ie, ‘I exercise regularly’).
*Time from baseline.
†Time from intervention completion.
‡Mean for the total sample.
§Group 1: MI + UC; - not reported.
¶Median age (range).
HF, heart failure; MI, Motivational Interviewing; UC, usual care.