Results of Cox proportional hazard modelling of risk of incident heart failure, in a subgroup analysis excluding HF events within 2 years of baseline
| HR | 95% CI of HR | P value | |
| Fried phenotype | |||
| Adjusted for age only (n=1422) | |||
| Prefrail vs non-frail | 1.64 | 0.91 to 2.94 | 0.10 |
| Frail vs non-frail | 1.59 | 0.73 to 3.47 | 0.24 |
| Modelled continuously for trend | 1.28 | 0.90 to 1.84 | 0.17 |
| Fully adjusted* (n=1268) | |||
| Prefrail vs non-frail | 1.44 | 0.78 to 2.67 | 0.25 |
| Frail vs non-frail | 1.15 | 0.49 to 2.69 | 0.75 |
| Modelled continuously for trend | 1.10 | 0.75 to 1.62 | 0.63 |
| Gill-like score | |||
| Adjusted for age only (n=1422) | |||
| Moderate vs mild/no frailty | 1.18 | 0.51 to 2.75 | 0.70 |
| Severe vs mild/no frailty | 1.68 | 0.52 to 5.37 | 0.38 |
| Modelled continuously for trend | 1.26 | 0.76 to 2.08 | 0.80 |
| Fully adjusted* (n=1268) | |||
| Moderate vs mild/no frailty | 1.25 | 0.52 to 2.98 | 0.62 |
| Severe vs mild/no frailty | 0.92 | 0.22 to 3.88 | 0.90 |
| Modelled continuously for trend | 1.03 | 0.59 to 1.80 | 0.93 |
| Novel frailty score | |||
| Adjusted for age only (n=1422) | |||
| 1 vs 0 | 1.43 | 0.83 to 2.46 | 0.20 |
| 2 vs 0 | 2.70 | 1.29 to 5.62 | 0.008 |
| 3 vs 0 | 1.69 | 0.52 to 5.49 | 0.38 |
| Modelled continuously for trend | 1.38 | 1.06 to 1.79 | 0.02 |
| Fully adjusted* (n=1268) | |||
| 1 vs 0 | 1.15 | 0.64 to 2.07 | 0.93 |
| 2 vs 0 | 2.24 | 1.02 to 4.95 | 0.05 |
| 3 vs 0 | 2.05 | 0.61 to 6.92 | 0.25 |
| Modelled continuously for trend | 1.34 | 1.00 to 1.80 | 0.05 |
*Fully adjusted=adjusted for age, prevalent myocardial infarction, prevalent stroke, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, use of blood pressure lowering medications, eGFR, FEV1, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, Q waves and log IL-6.
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; IL-6, interleukin-6.