Table 1

Baseline characteristics

Characteristics	CTA-AF		noCAD-AF		CAD-AF		P value*
Characteristics	n	% or mean±SEM	n	% or mean±SEM	n	% or mean±SEM	P value*
Age (years)	566	67.8±0.5	492	67.2±0.5	74	71.5±1.1	<0.01
Male	275	48.6%	230	46.7%	45	60.8%	0.02
Female	291	51.4%	262	53.3%	29	39.2%	0.02
Heart rate (1/min)	566	116.1±1.1	492	116.2±1.2	74	115.4±3.0	0.79
Type of atrial fibrillation
First diagnosed AF	411	72.6%	362	73.6%	49	66.2%	0.02
Paroxysmal AF	155	27.4%	130	26.4%	25	33.8%	0.02
Conversion to SR
Spontaneous conversion	296	52.3%	257	52.2%	39	52.7%	0.75
Medical cardioversion	7	1.2%	6	1.2%	1	1.4%	0.75
Electrical cardioversion	263	46.5%	229	46.5%	34	45.9%	0.75
Patients history
Arterial hypertension	420	74.2%	358	72.8%	62	83.8%	0.04
RR systolic (at admission, mm Hg)	566	137.2±0.8	492	136.7±0.9	74	140.6±2.4	0.11
RR diastolic (at admission, mm Hg)	566	83.1±0.7	492	83.3±0.6	74	81.6±1.6	0.32
Hyperlipidaemia	222	39.2%	197	40.0%	25	33.8%	0.30
Obesity	157	27.7%	135	27.4%	22	29.7%	0.92
Body mass index (kg/m²)	566	27.9±0.2	492	27.9±0.2	74	27.8±0.5	0.79
Family history of cardiovascular disease	106	18.7%	88	17.9%	18	24.3%	0.19
Diabetes mellitus	83	14.7%	61	12.4%	22	29.7%	<0.01
Pulmonary disease	53	9.4%	45	9.1%	8	10.8%	0.65
History of smoking	51	9.0%	44	9.0%	7	9.5%	0.89
Current smoking	49	8.7%	43	8.7%	6	8.1%	0.86
TIA/stroke	23	4.1%	19	3.9%	4	5.4%	0.80
Hyperthyreodism	14	2.5%	12	2.4%	2	2.7%	0.89
CHA₂DS₂-VASc-Score	566	2.5±0.1	492	2.4±0.1	74	3.4±0.2	<0.01
PROCAM score (%)	422	17.0±0.9	378	15.7±0.8	44	27.6±1.7	<0.01
Framingham Risk Score (%)	467	10.8±0.4	403	10.3±0.4	64	14.2±0.9	0.01
Echocardiography parameters
Left ventricular hypertrophy	320	56.5%	274	55.7%	46	62.2%	0.25
Interventricular septum thickness (diastole, mm)	566	1.1±0.1	492	1.1±0.1	74	1.2±0.1	0.18
Left atrial dilatation	197	34.8%	176	35.8%	21	28.4%	0.15
Left atrial diameter (cm)	566	3.7±0.1	492	3.7±0.1	74	3.7±0.1	0.91
LVEF (%)	566	60.3±0.3	492	60.4±0.3	74	59.6±0.8	0.37
sPAP (mm Hg)	566	25.5±0.6	492	25.1±0.6	74	27.8±1.5	0.12
Laboratory results
NT-pro-BNP (pg/mL)	566	1412.5±59.7	492	1359.6±62.6	74	1674.7±85.2	0.02
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min)	566	74.8±0.8	492	75.4±0.8	74	71.0±2.3	0.08
Glucose (mg/dL)	566	118.9±1.5	492	117.9±1.6	74	125.1±5.4	0.11
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	468	203.7±1.9	404	204.2±1.9	64	200.8±6.0	0.54
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	468	56.5±0.8	404	56.8±0.9	64	54.2±2.4	0.27
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	468	123.9±1.7	404	124.1±1.8	64	123.2±5.3	0.87
Medication
ACE-inhibitor/AT-1 antagonist	408	72.1%	340	60.1%	68	91.9%	<0.01
Diuretics	253	44.7%	211	37.3%	42	56.8%	0.03
Acetylsalicylic acid	251	44.3%	220	44.7%	31	41.9%	0.24
Statins	197	34.8%	168	34.1%	29	39.2%	0.51
Thyroxine	129	22.8%	115	23.4%	14	18.9%	0.40
Non-cardioselective calciumantagonist	101	17.8%	83	16.9%	18	24.3%	0.12
Cumarine	89	15.7%	78	15.9%	11	14.9%	0.82
Oral antidiabetics	51	9.0%	41	8.3%	10	13.5%	0.15
DOAC	34	6.0%	27	5.5%	7	9.5%	0.31
Antiobstructive agents	32	5.7%	29	5.9%	3	4.1%	0.52
Clopidogrel	16	2.8%	13	2.6%	3	4.1%	0.32
Digitoxin	13	2.3%	12	2.4%	1	1.4%	0.56
Class-I antiarrhythmics	12	2.1%	12	2.4%	0	0.0%	0.18
Insulin	11	1.9%	8	1.6%	3	4.1%	0.16
Dronedarone	10	1.8%	10	2.0%	0	0.0%	0.22
Cardioselective calciumantagonist	3	0.5%	2	0.4%	1	1.4%	0.50
Amiodarone	1	0.2%	1	0.2%	0	0.0%	0.70
Betablocker	433	76.5%	374	76.0%	59	79.7%	0.48
Dyspnoea	166	29.3%	139	28.3%	27	36.5%	0.15
Stable Angina	149	26.3%	131	26.6%	18	24.4%	0.42
EHRA I	103	18.2%	89	18.1%	14	18.9%	0.53
EHRA II	319	56.4%	282	57.3%	37	50.0%	0.53
EHRA III	133	23.5%	111	22.6%	22	29.7%	0.53
EHRA IV	11	1.9%	10	2.0%	1	1.4%	0.53

*noCAD-AF vs CAD-AF.
ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; AF, atrial fibrillation; AT-1 antagonist, angiotensin-recepector-1 antagonist; CAD, coronary artery disease; CTA, cardiac CT angiography; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulants; EHRA, European Heart Rhythm Association; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-pro-BNP, n-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; PROCAM, Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (study); RR, blood pressure; SEM, SE of mean; sPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; SR, sinus rhythm.