Baseline patient characteristics
| Overall patients | |
| Patients number | 688 |
| Age (years) | 78 (69–84) |
| Gender (male) | 429 (62) |
| BMI (kg/m²) | 22.5 (20.2–25.4) |
| NYHA class | |
| Class III | 296 (43) |
| Class IV | 311 (45) |
| Aetiology | |
| Ischaemic | 232 (34) |
| Non-ischaemic | 172 (25) |
| Valvular | 98 (14) |
| Hypertensive | 149 (22) |
| Others | 37 (5) |
| History | |
| Hypertension | 490 (71) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 345 (50) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 250 (36) |
| Vital signs and others on admission | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 120 (105–138) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 68 (58–81) |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 77 (66–92) |
| Echocardiography | |
| LVEDD (mm) | 56 (48–64) |
| LVESD (mm) | 44 (34–54) |
| LVEF (%) | 35 (24–55) |
| E/e′ | 14.4 (10.6–19.4) |
| eLVEDP (mm Hg) | 20.5 (18.3–23.5) |
| Laboratory data | |
| BNPad (pg/mL) | 671 (370–1170) |
| BNPdis (pg/mL) | 280 (153–468) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 46 (30–60) |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 24 (18–34) |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.2 (10.7–13.4) |
| Hct (%) | 37 (33–41) |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.35 (0.12–1.20) |
| WCC (×103/uL) | 6.4 (5.1–8.0) |
| T-Cho (mg/dL) | 154 (130–178) |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 42 (34–51) |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 88 (70–110) |
| Medications | |
| On admission | |
| ACEi or ARB | 283 (41) |
| Beta-blockers | 401 (58) |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 186 (27) |
| Loop diuretics | 418 (61) |
| Dobtamin | 68 (10) |
| At discharge | |
| ACEi or ARB | 516 (75) |
| Beta-blockers | 539 (78) |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 297 (43) |
| Loop diuretics | 585 (85) |
| Median observation period (days) | 623 (188–730) |
Values are the median (IQR) and patients number, n (%).
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BNPad, circulating B-type natriuretic peptide levels on admission; BNPdis, circulating B-type natriuretic peptide levels at hospital discharge; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; eLVEDP, estimated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; Hb, haemoglobin; Hct, haematocrit; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end-systolic diameter; NYHA, New York Heart Association; T-cho, total cholesterol; WCC, white cell count.