Competing risks regression analyses for incident heart failure and stroke by heart rate
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||||
| SHR | 95% CI | P value | SHR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Heart failure hospitalisation | ||||||
| Per 10 bpm increase | 0.98 | 0.91 to 1.05 | 0.54 | 0.99 | 0.92 to 1.06 | 0.78 |
| <60 bpm | 0.99 | 0.68 to 1.44 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.65 to 1.39 | 0.79 |
| ≥100 bpm | 1.05 | 0.72 to 1.53 | 0.79 | 1.16 | 0.79 to 1.71 | 0.44 |
| Stroke or systemic embolism | ||||||
| Per 10 bpm | 0.93 | 0.84 to 1.03 | 0.17 | 0.94 | 0.84 to 1.06 | 0.30 |
| <60 bpm | 1.01 | 0.52 to 1.93 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.49 to 1.90 | 0.92 |
Model 1 is adjusted for age and sex.
Model 2 is adjusted for model 1+ body mass index, physical activity, smoking status (never, former or current), type of AF (paroxysmal and persistent vs permanent), alcohol use (log-transformed), history of stroke/TIA, history of heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, the use of beta-blockers, non-dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers, class 1c antiarrhythmic drugs, class 3 antiarrhythmic drugs, digoxin and oral anticoagulation.
Includes 1679 subjects, with 162 subjects with heart rate <60 and 201 subjects with heart rate ≥100 bpm.
AF, atrial fibrillation; SHR, sub-HR; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.